Diseases of Human Systems Flashcards
name three functions of the blood
transports nutrients
removes waste
transports host defences
what is leukopenia
low WCC
what is thrombocytopenia
low platelets
what is pancytopenia
all cell types reduced
what is polycythaemia
raised haemoglobin
what is leukocytosis
raised WCC
what is thrombocythaemia
raised platelets
from which type of stem cell do NK cells, T cells and B cells originate
lymphoid stem cells
from which type of stem cell do erythrocytes and platelets arise from
myeloid stem cells
what is porphyria
abnormality of haem metabolism
what is acute intermittent porphyria
porphyria triggered by medicines such as local anaesthetics
name two clinical effects of porphyria
photo-sensitive rash
neuropsychiatric attacks
why may anaemia be linked with an enlarged spleen
if lifespan of RBC is reduced due to autoimmune disease there is increased turnover - removed early by the spleen
which type of cell abnormality is linked with iron deficiency and what condition can it cause
microcytosis
thalassaemia
what type of cell abnormality is linked with B12/ Folic Acid deficiency
macrocytosis
what is hypochromic
RBCs appear paler due to there being less haemoglobin
what is ansiocytic
RBCs are an exaggerated range of sizes in the same sample
why is the MCV raised in a patient with reticulocytotic cells
reticulocytes have residual material before they mature so they are bigger than normal RBCs
name two signs of anaemia
pale
tachycardia
name three symptoms of anaemia
tiredness
dizzy
SOB
name three clinical presentations of anaemia
pale mucosa (sclera of eyes)
smooth tongue
beefy tongue
what triggers the release of RBCs
erythropoietin from the kidney
what is the iron replacement regime for tablets
200mg tablets of iron sulphate
three times a day
for three months
what is the folic acid replacement regime
5mg folic acid daily
what is the VitB12 replacement regime
1mg IM injection
every 8 weeks
name three dental effects of anaemia
mucosal atrophy
candidiasis
recurrent oral ulceration
how is iron absorbed
haem iron is absorbed directly through the intestinal wall
non-haem iron has to be converted to a different state first before transporting through ell wall
what is achlorhydria
lack of stomach acid
no conversion of non-haem iron
no iron uptake
can be caused by proton pump inhibitors
how is Vit B12 absorbed
intrinsic factor secreted by gastric parietal cells
intrinsic factor is combined with VitB12 to absorb
where is Vit B12 absorbed
terminal ileum
