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FINALS > Caries Symposium > Flashcards

Caries Symposium Flashcards

1
Q

what aspects must be present for caries to occur

A

tooth
saliva
bacteria
time

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2
Q

what are the seven elements of caries risk

A

clinical evaluation
medical history
social history
fluoride use
saliva
diet
plaque control

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3
Q

what is DMFT

A

decayed missing and filled teeth in the permanent dentition

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4
Q

what is dmft

A

decayed missing and filled teeth in the primary dentition

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5
Q

name three pieces of clinical evidence that would make a child high risk for caries

A

caries in 6s at 6
dmft more than or equal to 5
if there are three new carious lesions in 3 year period

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6
Q

what would make a child high risk for caries with regards to their diet

A

3 intakes of sugar per day

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7
Q

what is the action of fluoride

A

fluoride incorporated into enamel crystals to form fluoro-apatite which is more caries resistant
bactericidal role
affects adhesion force of bacteria

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8
Q

what two drug side effects may make oral hygiene more difficult

A

xerostomia
mucositis

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9
Q

what is a white spot lesion

A

demineralisation stays within enamel
has the ability to remineralise with good OH

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10
Q

what is the Stephan Curve

A

shows the relationship between pH and time in mouth

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11
Q

from what age should the use of a feeding cup with a free flow spout rather than a bottle be recommended

A

6 months

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12
Q

what fluoride strength toothpaste should enhanced prevention kids be getting under 10

A

1450 ppmF

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13
Q

what fluoride strength toothpaste should enhanced prevention kids be getting over 10

A

2800ppmF

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14
Q

what fluoride strength toothpaste should enhanced prevention kids be getting over 16

A

5000ppmF

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15
Q

what is ICDAS

A

international caries detection and assessment system

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16
Q

what is D1 vs D3

A

D1 = all visibly detectable lesions
D3 = lesions extending into dentine

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17
Q

what are the four aspects of ICCMS (formally ICDAS)

A

classification
management
history
decision making

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18
Q

what is cervical burnout on an xray

A

caused by relative lower xray absorption on the mesial or distal aspect of teeth between the edge of enamel and the adjacent crest of alveolar ridge

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19
Q

what are the types of caries

A

pits and fissure caries
smooth surface
root
approximal
secondary

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20
Q

what are rampant caries

A

more than 10 new lesions per year

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21
Q

what can be placed as a space maintainer from losing a primary molar (E)

A

distal shoe placed on the D before the FPM has erupted so it cannot tilt into the space

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22
Q

when can IDBs be used

A

6 years old or 6s erupting

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23
Q

name benefits of rubber dam use

A

decrease damage to soft tissues
decrease risk of inhalation
increased isolation and moisture control
retraction for gingivae and cheeks

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24
Q

give five methods of caries removal

A

hand excavation
rotary instruments
chemo-mechanical removal
air abrasion
lasers

25
Q

what is suitable management of an occlusal non-cavitated lesion in kids

A

complete caries removal and restoration
PRR
seal caries with FS

26
Q

what management strategies are there for an occlusal cavitated lesion in primary teeth

A

complete caries removal and restoration
PRR
seal caries with hall crown
if no cooperation - provide prevention or make lesion self cleansing

27
Q

what are the management strategies of an approximal lesion in primary teeth

A

complete caries removal and restoration
PRR
seal caries with hall crown
if no cooperation - provide prevention and make lesion self cleansing

28
Q

what are management strategies for anterior cavitated lesions in primary anteriors

A

complete caries removal
PRR
provide prevention

29
Q

what is the management strategy for a grossly carious unrestorable tooth without pain

A

provide prevention
XLA

30
Q

what is the mercury regulation treaty

A

Minimata treaty

30
Q

what is in the Minimata treaty that is relevant to dentistry

A

no amalgam in primary teeth
no amalgam in persons under 25
no amalgam in pregnant and breastfeeding women

31
Q

name restorative options for primary molars

A

composite
stainless steel crowns
GIC
RMGIC

32
Q

what are indications for preformed crowns

A

more than 2 surfaces affected
extensive 2 surface lesions
space maintenance
developmental defects

33
Q

what are the steps for a traditional preformed metal crown

A

give LA
remove caries
cut mesial and distal slice
reduce occlusal surface enough to allow a straight probe to passed through when teeth are in occlusion
select correct size of preformed metal crown
place with GIC
remove excess and clear contacts with floss

34
Q

how do you make a lesion in a primary tooth self cleansing

A

only enamel and carious dentine removed using high speed
apply fluoride varnish

35
Q

what are indications for discing of primary anteriors

A

exfoliation time close
child is pre-cooperative
extensive superficial
minimal interproximal

36
Q

what is the technique for interproximal discing of primary anteriors

A

sandpaper discs used to taper the interproximal edges (narrow incisally)
round of proximal surfaces
polish and fluoride varnish

37
Q

what are indications for strip crowns in primary anteriors

A

enamel hypoplasia
amelogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
labial and interproximal caries

38
Q

what should be provided where there is an enamel lesion developing on a FPM that is next to a carious E

A

provide preformed crown or hall crown on the E

39
Q

when is the ideal time for XLA of the 6s if need be

A

start of calcification of bifurcation of unerupted 7s
ideally all premolars and 3rd molars present

40
Q

what is SDF

A

colourless liquid - BUT TURNS BLACK
44, 800ppmF
SDF occludes dentinal tubules to relive sensitivity
silver acts as antibcaterial
fluoride promotes remineralisation

41
Q

what are contraindications for SDF

A

signs of infection
symptoms
caries into pulp
inflamed/ ulcerated gingiva

42
Q

describe the procedure for placing SDF

A

place petroleum jelly on the soft tissues and lips
moisture control with cotton wool
dry tooth
single capsule per patient
apply to tooth
wait to dry for 1 minute
continue with isolation for 3 minutes

43
Q

what is TETS

A

temporary elective tooth separation

44
Q

what is CPP-APP

A

brand name tooth mousse
caesin phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium photsphate

45
Q

what does CPP ACP do

A

remineralises subsurface enamel
casein peptides dissolve into plaque and calcium

46
Q

what are the three steps of ICON

A

etch the lesion
dry the lesion with ethanol
infiltrate the lesion

47
Q

name three topical management systems of caries

A

fluoride application
CPP-APC
SDF

48
Q

what are IV agents used in GA for children

A

propofol

49
Q

what are the levels of anaesthesia

A

induction
excitement
surgical anaesthesia
respiratory paralysis/ overdose

50
Q

what is Gillick competence

A

children under 16 can consent if they are perceived to have sufficient maturity and judgement to enable them to fully understand what is proposed

51
Q

what should a referral for GA state

A

patient name, address, contact numbers
MH
GP details
parental responsibility
justification for GA
proposed tx plan
previous tx details
recent radiographs

52
Q

what is the fluoride concentration for fluoride varnish

A

22, 600 ppmF

53
Q

name four factors determining anticaries rate of fluoride toothpaste

A

fluoride conc
frequency of application
rinsing habits
when brushing takes place

54
Q

what are the micrbiological stages in caries progression

A

adhesion
survival and growth
biofilm formation
complex plaque
acid
caries

55
Q

what is Koch’s postulates

A

microbe must be present in every case of the disease
microbe must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
disease must be reproduced when pure culture is introduced into susceptible host

56
Q

name virulence factors of S mutans

A

adhesins
binding proteins
sugar modifying enzymes
polysaccharides
acid tolerance and adaptation

57
Q

what is stepwise caries removal

A

2 stage technique
firstly, caries is removed in soft dentine then a temp restoration applied
then at next visit the temporary material is removed along with the rest of the caries and the permanent restoration is applied

FINALS (25 decks)

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