digestive tract disorders part 2

Question 1

Inflammation of the parotid glands

Answer 1

Parotitis

Question 2

Cause of Parotitis

Answer 2

Causes painful swelling of the salivary glands below the ear next to the lower jaw; pain increases during eating

Question 3

treatment Parotitis

Answer 3

Treated with antibiotics, mouthwashes, and warm compresses; surgical drainage or removal may be necessary

Question 4

has no known cause; affects men more often than women, usually diagnosed in th 5th/6th decade if life, usually do not experience symtpoms until the disease has progressed to interfere with swallowing and passage of food

Answer 4

Esophageal Cancer

Question 5

predisposing factors of Esophageal Cancer

Answer 5

are cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, chronic trauma, poor oral hygiene, and eating spicy foods

Question 6

s/s of Esophageal Cancer

Answer 6

Progressive dysphagia

Question 7

medical diagnosis of esophageal cancer

Answer 7

Barium swallow, computed tomography, esophagoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography

Question 8

Medical and surgical treatment

Esophageal Cancer

Answer 8

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or various combinations

Question 9

Nursing assessment of Esophageal Cancer

Answer 9

Dysphagia, pain, and choking
Hoarseness, cough, anorexia, weight loss, and regurgitation
The functional assessment documents the use of alcohol and tobacco and dietary practices

Question 10

nursing interventions Esophageal Cancer

Answer 10

Pain 
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements 
Anxiety
Risk for Injury 
Impaired Gas Exchange 
Deficient Knowledge

Question 11

sometimes referred to as queasiness

Answer 11

Nausea

Question 12

forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

Answer 12

Vomiting

Question 13

Complications of N/V

Answer 13

Significant losses of fluids and electrolytes

Aspiration

Question 14

Medical treatment of N/V

Answer 14

Antiemetics
Intravenous fluids
Oral fluids may be limited to clear liquids or withheld
Nasogastric tube

Question 15

Nursing assessment of N/V

Answer 15

Onset, frequency, and duration of present illness
Conditions under which nausea and vomiting occur
Amount, color, odor, and contents of the vomitus
Surgeries, chronic illnesses, allergies, and medications
General appearance; record vital signs, height/weight
Assess pulse and blood pressure, tissue turgor, mental status, and muscle tone
Inspect, auscultate, and palpate the abdomen for distention, bowel sounds, and tenderness

Question 16

Nursing interventions for N/V

Answer 16

Imbalanced Nutrition and Deficient Fluid Volume

Risk for Aspiration

Question 17

Causes of N/V

Answer 17

drugs, infections and inflammatory conditions, intestinal obstruction, systemic infection, food poisoning, emotional stress,early pregnancy, uremia

Question 18

The vomiting center that is located in the ? is particularly sensitive to

Answer 18

Medulla

parasympathetic neurotransmitters/gastric irritation

Question 19

accompanies the forceful expulsion of the stomach contents causes dizziness hypotension bradycardia

Answer 19

The Valsalva maneuver

Question 20

lab levels of N/V

Answer 20

Prolonged vomiting may lead to low levels of serum sodium and chloride. Bicarb levels may rise

Question 21

How do you advance a client solids food if they are having N/V

Answer 21

When clients tolerates clear liquids, advance to full liquids then to soft, bland food such as creamed soup, crackers or toast

Question 22

When patient returns from the operating room after oral surgery,

Answer 22

• they should be positioned flat on abdomen or side with head turned to the side to facilitate drainage from mouth. After recovery from anesthesia the client is positioned with head elevated

Question 23

The nurse should not irrigate the clients mouth until the client is

Answer 23

awake and alert

Question 24

Mouth irrigation is carried out by

Answer 24

turning the clients head to the side to allow the solution to run

Question 25

Protrusion of lower esophagus and stomach up through the diaphragm and into the chest
Protrusion of part of the stomach into lower portion of the thorax

Answer 25

Hiatal Hernia

Question 26

is the junction of the stomach and the esophagus and part of the stomach slide in and out through the weekend portion of the diaphragm

Answer 26

axial or sliding hernia

Question 27

the fundus is displaces upward with greater curvature of the stomach going through the diaphragm next to the gastroesphageal junction

Answer 27

paraesophageal hernia

Question 28

Hiatal hernia results in a defect in the

Answer 28

diaphragm at the point where the esophagus passes though it. more common in women

Question 29

Causes of hiatal hernias

Answer 29

Weakness of diaphragm muscles where esophagus and stomach join, but exact cause is not known
Factors are excessive intra-abdominal pressure, trauma, and long-term bed rest in a reclining position

Question 30

S/S of hiatal hernias

Answer 30

Many people have no symptoms at all; others report feelings of fullness, dysphagia, eructation, regurgitation, and heartburn

Question 31

Medical diagnosis of hiatal hernias

Answer 31

Barium swallow examination with fluoroscopy
Esophagoscopy
Esophageal manometry

Question 32

medical treatment of hiatal hernias

Answer 32

Drug therapy, diet, and measures to avoid increased intra-abdominal pressure
Surgery: fundoplication and placement of the synthetic Angelchik prosthesis (C-shaped silicone device), antacids

Question 33

nursing assessment of hiatal hernias

Answer 33

Document symptoms
Record factors that trigger symptoms as well as measures that aggravate or relieve them
Patient’s dietary habits, use of alcohol and tobacco, and medication history

Question 34

nursing interventions of hiatal hernias

Answer 34

Chronic Pain
Risk for Aspiration
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements

Question 35

postoperative care for hiatal hernia

Answer 35

Turning, coughing, and deep breathing
Patient might have nasogastric tube in place and connected to suction for a day or two
Until bowel function returns, the patient is given only intravenous fluids
Tell the patient to expect mild dysphagia for several weeks

Question 36

Painful burning sensation that moves up and down, commonly occurs after meals, and is relieved by antacids
is a common disorder that develops when gastric contents flow upward into the esphagus

Answer 36

GERDS

Question 37

medical diagnosis of GERDS

Answer 37

Suggested by the signs and symptoms

Endoscopy, biopsy, gastric analysis, esophageal manometry, 24-hour monitoring of esophageal pH, and acid perfusion tests

Question 38

medical treatment of GERDS

Answer 38

Like those described earlier for hiatal hernia
Drug therapy may include H2-receptor blockers, prokinetic agents, and proton pump inhibitors
If medical care unsuccessful, surgical fundoplication
weight loss, maintain upright position following meals, elevate head of bed when sleeping, avoid food and fluids 2-3 h before bedtime and avoid foods that intensify symptoms

Question 39

Cause of GERDS

Answer 39

inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to close fully, allowing stomach contents to flow freely into esophagus

Question 40

S/S of GERDS

Answer 40

most common is epigastric pain/discomfort (dyspepsia), burning sensation in the esophagus (pyrosis), and regurgitation, dysphagia, painful swallowing, esophagitis

Question 41

because the esophagus is anatomically close to the heart, clients w/ epigastric pain may think they are having a

Answer 41

heart attack

Question 42

is a procedure that tightens the LES by wrapping the gastric fundus around the lower esophagus and suturing it into place, this is the most common type of procedure for GERD

Answer 42

fundoplication