Diabolical Ducks (Influenza)

Question 1

Influenza _ infects humans and animals and causes _____

Answer 1

A;

pandemics

Question 2

Influenza __ infects humans and doesn’t cause ____

Answer 2

B;

pandemics

Question 3

Influenza ___ only causes mild disease

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Influenza A types are further named according to where they were first _____, their ______, and the ____ isolated

Answer 4

identified; lineage number; year

Question 5

Since RNA viruses don’t have _____, they have a ____ mutation rate

Answer 5

proofreading; high

Question 6

Antigen _____: minor changes based in Hemagglutinin or neuraminadase genes

Answer 6

drift

Question 7

antigen ____ causes pandemics

Answer 7

shift

Question 8

antigen ____ does not cause pandemics

Answer 8

drift

Question 9

antigen ____: reassortment of viral genome segments

Answer 9

shift

Question 10

this animal is responsible for the origin and spread of influenza A in all other animals::

Answer 10

the diabolical duck

Question 11

Typically (one or multiple) strain(s) circulate for years causing pandemics

Answer 11

one strain

Question 12

Influenza is transmitted by ____ droplets tramsmitted through the ____

Answer 12

large; air

Question 13

___ is the most common symptom of influenza, followed by _____, _____, and ______

Answer 13

Fever; headache, myalgia, fatigue

Question 14

Cough, sore throat and nasal discharge are ____ in the flu. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are _____

Answer 14

common;

uncommon

Question 15

Bacterial superinfection/pneumonia is usually caused by these three organisms:

Answer 15

S. pneumo, S. Aureus, H. influezna

Question 16

Giving aspirin in a patient with influenza can cause _____; symptoms include ______ and _____

Answer 16

Reye’s syndrome

liver failure, encephalitis

Question 17

Influenza type B can cause _____, seen by an increase in creatine kinase levels

Answer 17

myositis/rhabdomyolysis

Question 18

Orthomyxo virus characteristics:
naked or enveloped?
+ or - RNA?
how many segments?

Answer 18

enveloped
- ssRNA
8 segments

Question 19

____ _____ is the gold standard for diagnosis but takes days

Answer 19

viral culture

Question 20

The best test for diagnosis is _____; it is highly sensitive and quick but also _____

Answer 20

RT-PCR; expensive

Question 21

Oseltamavir and Zanamivir mechanism of action:

Answer 21

neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 22

Tamiflu at bests reduces symptoms by ____ days, but must be given within _____ hours of onset

Answer 22

1 to 2

48 hours

Question 23

New vaccines must be made every year because of antigen _____

Answer 23

drift

Question 24

It takes ____ months to make the Flu vaccine. One egg makes enough vaccine for ____ shot

Answer 24

9;

one

Question 25

Current vaccines have 2 ___ strains and one ___ strain aka trivalent. Currently the 2 A strains are:

Answer 25

A; B

H3N2; H1N1

Question 26

The most serious side effect of the influenza vaccine is _____

Answer 26

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

Question 27

Flu vaccines are most effective in _____

Answer 27

children

Question 28

In those over ____, vaccines are not the most effective

Answer 28

65

Question 29

Vaccines are thought to provide only _____ immunity, so they may still allow infection

Answer 29

non-sterilizing

Question 30

_____ promotes viral entry into the cell; _____ cleaves sciacilic acid

Answer 30

hemagglutinin

neuraminidase