Diabolical Ducks (Influenza) Flashcards
Influenza _ infects humans and animals and causes _____
A;
pandemics
Influenza __ infects humans and doesn’t cause ____
B;
pandemics
Influenza ___ only causes mild disease
C
Influenza A types are further named according to where they were first _____, their ______, and the ____ isolated
identified; lineage number; year
Since RNA viruses don’t have _____, they have a ____ mutation rate
proofreading; high
Antigen _____: minor changes based in Hemagglutinin or neuraminadase genes
drift
antigen ____ causes pandemics
shift
antigen ____ does not cause pandemics
drift
antigen ____: reassortment of viral genome segments
shift
this animal is responsible for the origin and spread of influenza A in all other animals::
the diabolical duck
Typically (one or multiple) strain(s) circulate for years causing pandemics
one strain
Influenza is transmitted by ____ droplets tramsmitted through the ____
large; air
___ is the most common symptom of influenza, followed by _____, _____, and ______
Fever; headache, myalgia, fatigue
Cough, sore throat and nasal discharge are ____ in the flu. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are _____
common;
uncommon
Bacterial superinfection/pneumonia is usually caused by these three organisms:
S. pneumo, S. Aureus, H. influezna
Giving aspirin in a patient with influenza can cause _____; symptoms include ______ and _____
Reye’s syndrome
liver failure, encephalitis
Influenza type B can cause _____, seen by an increase in creatine kinase levels
myositis/rhabdomyolysis
Orthomyxo virus characteristics:
naked or enveloped?
+ or - RNA?
how many segments?
enveloped
- ssRNA
8 segments
____ _____ is the gold standard for diagnosis but takes days
viral culture
The best test for diagnosis is _____; it is highly sensitive and quick but also _____
RT-PCR; expensive
Oseltamavir and Zanamivir mechanism of action:
neuraminidase inhibitors
Tamiflu at bests reduces symptoms by ____ days, but must be given within _____ hours of onset
1 to 2
48 hours
New vaccines must be made every year because of antigen _____
drift
It takes ____ months to make the Flu vaccine. One egg makes enough vaccine for ____ shot
9;
one
Current vaccines have 2 ___ strains and one ___ strain aka trivalent. Currently the 2 A strains are:
A; B
H3N2; H1N1
The most serious side effect of the influenza vaccine is _____
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
Flu vaccines are most effective in _____
children
In those over ____, vaccines are not the most effective
65
Vaccines are thought to provide only _____ immunity, so they may still allow infection
non-sterilizing
_____ promotes viral entry into the cell; _____ cleaves sciacilic acid
hemagglutinin
neuraminidase
