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3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) > Developmental Area > Flashcards

Developmental Area Flashcards

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1
Q

Bandura - IVs

A
  • Behaviour of Models (Aggressive, Non-Aggressive, Control Group)
  • Gender of the Model
  • Gender of the Child

Measures Agg. of Children

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2
Q

Bandura - Design

A
  • Independent Measures
  • Matched
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3
Q

Bandura - Hypothesis 1

A
  • Children w/ Agg. Model more likely to Imitate Agg. (than those Without Agg. Model)
  • TRUE
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4
Q

Bandura - Hypothesis 2

A
  • Children w/ Non-Agg. Model Less Agg. than those not exposed to a model at all
  • TRUE (Not Significantly)
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5
Q

Bandura - Hypothesis 3

A

If the Model was the Same Sex as Participants, More Likely Imitation
- TRUE

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6
Q

Bandura - Hypothesis 4

A
  • Boys More Likely to Imitate
  • TRUE (Boys physically, Girls verbally)
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7
Q

Bandura - Procedure Stage 1

A

Experimental Room
- 1 min of doing nothing
- Agression lasts 10 mins
- “Pow!” or “Sock it to ‘em!” as they were Agression

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8
Q

Bandura - Procedure Stage 2

A

Agg. Arousal
- Bright Stimulation Toys, Child told they are reserved for someone else and Taken Away from them.

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9
Q

Bandura - Procedure Stage 3
(Warning: Not ADHD friendly Answer)

A

Test for Delayed Agg.
- Doll
- Test if Stage 1 Replicated
- Covert
- In Room 20 mins
- Every 5 secs, look for Behaviour
> Imitative
> Partially Imitative (Not Exactly Copying)
> Non Imitative
- 1 way mirror

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10
Q

Bandura - Conclusions (3)
(Warning: Not ADHD friendly Answer)

A
  • Boys and Girls Both Imitate Agg. at Similar Levels
  • Gives Evidence for Social Learning Theory
  • Agg. can Start from an Early Age
  • Children are very Impressionable
  • Nurture Theory
  • Boys Naturally have more Testosterone Naturally
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11
Q

Bandura - Pre-Test
(Warning: Not ADHD friendly Answer)

A
  • Children are Left in a Play Room with a Researcher + their Nursery Teacher
  • Each Child’s Agg. was Rated 1 - 5 + Agreed Upon between the two
  • Agg. (+ not agg.) were paired with Models who were Agg., Not Agg, and no Model.
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12
Q

CHaney - IVs

A
  • Type of Device used
    > Normal Inhaler
    > Funhaler
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13
Q

CHaney - Design

A
  • Structured, Closed Questions Questionnaire
  • Interviewer
  • 2nd Questionnaire on difference
  • Operant Conditioning (+ve reinforcement)
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14
Q

CHaney - Procedure
(Warning: Not ADHD friendly Answer)

A
  • 2 Week Period
  • 2 Questionnaire for Parents (start and end
  • Children took medication via Funhaler
  • Parents randomly called during experiment to comment on Compliance the previous day
  • Start and end Questionnaires compared
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15
Q

CHaney - Conclusions

A
  • Improve Clinical Outcomes in Young Asthmatics
  • Improves Health of Children
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16
Q

CHaney - Sample

A

32 Children with Asthma
- 22 Male
- 10 Female
- 1.5 - 6 Years Old
- Inhaler users

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17
Q

Bandura - Sample

A

72 Children
- Both Genders represented Equally

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18
Q

Bandura - Aims

A
  • Investigate the Extent to which Children Imitate Aggression Modelled by an Adult
  • Investigate Effects of Gender on Imitation
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19
Q

CHaney - Aims

A

Whether +ve Reinforcement via Funhaler improved Medical Compliance in Young Asthmatics, compared to Normal Inhaler

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20
Q

Kohlberg - IVs

A
  • The Moral Dilemma
  • The Children
  • The Age
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21
Q

Kohlberg - Design

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Interviewed Every 3 Years
  • Foreign Investigations were CROSS-SECTIONAL (opposite to longitudinal)
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22
Q

Kohlberg - Hypothesis

A

Kohlberg wanted to prove that Moral Development continues into Young Adulthood

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23
Q

Kohlberg - Procedure

A

Participant asked Series of Moral Dilemmas
- Options with diff. moral Implications

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24
Q

Kohlberg - Conclusions

A
  • All Children go through 3 stages of:
    > Self Interest
    > Approval
    > Agreed Rules and Conscience
  • Despite Culture, all go though same stages (NATURE)
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25
Q

Kohlberg - Sample

A

75 American Boys
- 10-16 at Start
- 22-28 at End
1 Snapshot child from:
- Turkey
- Taiwan
- UK
- Mexico

26
Q

Kohlberg - Aims

A

Investigate Moral Development from 10-28

27
Q

Lee - IVs

A
  • Story Type
  • Child’s Cultural Background
28
Q

Lee - Design

A
  • Cross Sectional
  • Independent Measures
  • Quasi experiment
29
Q

Lee - Procedure

A
  • (120) Chinese or (108) Canadian
  • Physical or Social Stories
  • Pro-Social or Anti-Social BEGINNING
  • Truth-Teller or Lying ENDING
30
Q

Lee - Conclusions

A

Moral REASONING shaped by Cultural + Social Norms
(INCREASES WITH AGE)

31
Q

Lee - Sample

A
  • 120 Chinese and 108 Canadian
  • Aged 7, 9 or 11
32
Q

Lee - Aims

A

Compare Cross-Cultural evaluations of Lying and Truth Telling involving Pro/Anti-Social behaviours

33
Q

Bandura - DV

A

Aggression level

34
Q

CHaney - DV

A

How well Participants Complied

35
Q

Kohlberg - DV

A

Children’s Responses

36
Q

Lee - DV

A

How “Good” or “Naughty” the character was rated

37
Q

1 - BANDURA

A

Doll Aggression

38
Q

2 - CHANEY

A

Funhaler

39
Q

3 - KOHLBERG

A

Moral Dilemmas

40
Q

4 - LEE

A

Prosocial Lie
Prosocial True

41
Q

Bandura - Understanding of KEY THEME

A

MAJOR: how children acquire new behaviours - Observation behaviour

42
Q

Bandura - Understanding of AREA

A

Suggests that Role Models are Key to development

43
Q

CHaney - Understanding of KEY THEME

A

Shows hoe effective simple, low cost solutions can be to Important

44
Q

CHaney - Understanding of AREA

A

OPERANT CONDITIONING effective

45
Q

Kohlberg - Understanding of KEY THEME
(Warning: Not ADHD friendly Answer)

A

Cannot Skip, Must go through, diff. speeds
- Punishment and Power
- Self - Interest
- Good boy/girl
- Authority
- Social Contract
- Conscience and Ethical

46
Q

Kohlberg - Understanding of AREA

A
47
Q

Lee - Understanding of KEY THEME

A
48
Q

Lee - Understanding of AREA

A
49
Q

Bandura Sample

A
50
Q

Bandura Applications

A

Not exposing Children to violence (TV etc.) can make them behave less violently, Vice Verce.

51
Q

CHaney Applications

A

Medical - intake of Important Medication by Children

52
Q

Kohlberg Applications

A

PSHE; School Discipline
- Esp. if students collaborate on school rules creation

53
Q

Lee Applications

A

-

54
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

+ve or -ve Reinforcement
(CHaney)

55
Q

Kohlberg - Development Stages Rules MUSTS

A

Go through all, In Order, Diff. Paces (NURTURE)

56
Q

Kohlberg - Other Cultures Results

A

Same Stages w/ Same Rules - DIFF. REASONING

57
Q

Kohlberg - Development Stages Rules MUSTS

A

Skip, Go Back

58
Q

Kohlberg - NATURE or NURTURE

A

NATURE: all stages same, NURTURE: diff. paces; influence

59
Q

Kohlberg - Scientific?

A

NO: Self Report, Unfalsifyable

60
Q

Kohlberg - unique research technique

A

3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) (37 decks)

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