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3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) > Social - Authority (NEED FINISHING) > Flashcards

Social - Authority (NEED FINISHING) Flashcards

Milgram, Bocchiaro, Piliavin, Levine

1
Q

MILGRAM - Background

A

Investigating how the Holocaust happened: Milgram’s Jewish family escaped it.
Destructive Obedience
Dispositional hypothesis: Germans naturally conform - original belief which Milgram disproved

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2
Q

MILGRAM - Aim

A

To investigate the tendancy to Destructive Obedience

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3
Q

MILGRAM - Method

A
  • 40male US volunteers, 20-50yrs told they’re in a learning experiment in the ‘Teacher’ role
  • Believed ‘Learner’ to be someone they’re giving shocks to, but they’re a recording of a Confederate
  • Lab Experiment
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4
Q

MILGRAM - Procedure

A
  • Shocks ^ 15V every wrong answer and went up to 450V
  • Participants encouraged to continue; told the experiment wouldn’t work if they stopped
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5
Q

MILGRAM - Results

A
  • 100% went to 300V or more
  • 1.2% were predicted to go up to max
  • 65% went up to 450V (the max)
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6
Q

MILGRAM - Conclusions

A
  • People more obedient to authority than expected
  • Despite being stressed by destructive orders, people would obey regardless
  • Situational Hypothesis (higher conformity caused by social processes between individuals)
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7
Q

MILGRAM - Generalisability

A

Only white men from US: IS ethnocentric
BUT similar results to what happened in Germany; ISN’T

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8
Q

MILGRAM - Reliability

A

+All participants were obedient enough to take the voltage up to 300V, when the ‘learner’ banged on the wall and shouted
+The teacher is always the naive participant

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9
Q

MILGRAM - Applications

A

Explained real-world atrocities & help ex-soldiers with guilt

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10
Q

MILGRAM - Validity

A

High Internal, Low Eco: high demand characteristics

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11
Q

MILGRAM - Ethics

A

+Debriefed at end
-Right to withdraw, but discouraged
-Psychological & physical harm

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12
Q

MILGRAM - Link to Theme

A

If instructed to by an authority, people will conform to destructive obedience

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13
Q

MILGRAM - understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

A

Not only Germans would be Obedient; but anyone would be

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14
Q

MILGRAM - Link to Area

A
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15
Q

MILGRAM - Remember

Way to remember which study is which

A

Holocaust, Volts

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16
Q

BOCCHIARO - Background

A

Inspired by Milgram, wanted to investigate DISobedience; little prior research on whistleblowers

17
Q

BOCCHIARO - Method

A

Lab

18
Q

BOCCHIARO - Method

A
  • 149 Students, Gynocentric
  • Lab procedure with Single Condition
  • Hypothesis: Students will vastly overestimate Whistleblowing
19
Q

BOCCHIARO - Procedure

A

Pilot Tests to test Validity
Group 1 told to write letter to convince people to take part in Unethical Sensory Deprevation experiment
Group 2 told everything & Obedience

20
Q

BOCCHIARO - Results

A

Overestimation of Whistleblowing, Underestimation of Obedience, Disobedience more common than Whistleblowing

21
Q

BOCCHIARO - Conclusions

A

Whistleblowing is uncommon, overestimated, people rank themselves as ‘special’

22
Q

BOCCHIARO - Generalisability

A

Dutch Uni, Religion had no correlation to results

23
Q

BOCCHIARO - Reliability

A

Lab, Standardised

24
Q

BOCCHIARO - Applications

A

Whistleblowing in society, organisations etc.

25
Q

BOCCHIARO - Validity

A

Lab, but in this context also good Eco

26
Q

BOCCHIARO - Ethics

A

Participants from Pilot Tests reccomended it Ethically
Debrief
Psychological harm

27
Q

BOCCHIARO - Link to Theme

A

Focused on disobedience (rather than obedience), Investigates how likely people are to be Indifferent as well as actively ignore orders: More Realistic

28
Q

BOCCHIARO - Link to Area

A
29
Q

BOCCHIARO - understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

A

People overwhelmingly underestimated the level of obedience and overestimated the level of whistleblowing

30
Q

BOCCHIARO - Remember

Way to remember which study is which

A

Whistleblowers; Ethical Milgram

31
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - MILGRAM Diff.s

A

Ethically controversial
Androcentric (all male sample)
Qual used

32
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - Similarities

A

Investigated Destructive Obedience
Deception
Lab. procedures with a single condition

33
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - BOCCHIARO Diff.s

A

Researchers used elaborate ethical safeguards
Mixed sex
Pilot Tests

3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) (37 decks)

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