DefinitionsFINAL* Flashcards
Accommodation
The refractory adjustment to focus on an object from far to near.
Anaphylaxis
Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substances.
Anastomoses
Any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, duct or bowel segments.
Anemia
A decreased number if erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin within the red blood cells.
Aneurysm
Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke).
Anorexia Nervosa
A refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight.
Anorexia Bulemia
An abnormal increase in hunger followed by purging.
Aorta
The largest single artery in the body.
Articulation
Any type of joint.
Ascites
A collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Astigmatism
Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli.
Auscultation
Listening with a stethoscope.
Autologous Transfusion
The collection and later reinfusion of a patient’s own blood or blood components.
Claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest.
Closed Fracture
Simple fracture.
Coagulation
Blood clotting
Comminuted
Shatter bone (fracture)
Compound
Open fracture.
Cryptorchism
Undescended testicles.
Cyst
Fluid filled sac
Decubitus Ulcer
Bedsores
Deglutition
Swallowing.
Dementia
Progressive lose of intellectual abilities such as judgement, memory and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
Diabetes Mellitus
Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch and fat metabolism in cells.
Diabetes Insipidus
Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
Dialysis
Process of separating nitrogenous waster materials from the blood.
Diverticulitis
When fecal matter becomes trapped in diverticula.
Diverticulosis
Abnormal out pouching she (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon.
Emesis
Vomiting
Epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.
Epistaxis
Nosebleed.
Fibrillation
Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute).
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria.
Fracture
Traumatic breaking of a bone.
Gangrene
Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supple.
Gestation
Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth.
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain.
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
Infarction
Area of dead tissue.
Jaundice
(Hyperbilirubinemia) yellow discoloration of the skin.
Kyphosis
Loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region.
Lordosis
The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated.
Mastication
Chewing
Melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
Meninges
Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Neuron
Nerve cells
Occlusion
Blockage
Open Fracture
Compound fracture.
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bones density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
Palliative
Relieving symptoms but not curative
Patent
Open.
Percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
Peristalsis
Involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contractions of muscles in the wall of the esophagus (and other gastrointestinal organs) propelling a bonus (mass of food) down toward the stomach.
Phobia
Fear
Polyp
Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane.
Psychosis
Described as a mental illness, involves significant impairment reality testing.
Purulent
Pus-filled
Scoliosis
When the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis.
Sickle Cell Trait
Is when one parent is a carries of the trait and the other is not.
Simple
Closed fracture.
Sphygmomanometer
Measures blood pressure.
Syncope
Fainting.
Tinnitus
Sensations of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in ears.
Ulcer
Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion).
Urticaria
(Hives) acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin.
Vertigo
Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
Voiding
Urination.
Infection
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Infestation
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Lymphangiectasis
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Mohs
Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent if the resection.
Polymorphonuclear*
“Polys”
Many shapes of nucleus.
