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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrointestinal tract

A

Begins at the mouth, where the food enters, and ends with the anus, where solid waste material leaves the body.

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract FOUR Functions

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

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3
Q

Ingestion

A

Complex food material taken into the mouth.

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4
Q

Digested

A

Broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract.

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Nutrients from digested food pass through the lining cells or epithelium of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

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6
Q

Elimination

A

The solid waste material that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream leaves the blood.

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7
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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8
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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9
Q

Labial

A

Front surface of tooth

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10
Q

Peristatis

A

Involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus (and other gastrointestinal organs) propelling a bolus (mass of food) down toward the stomach.

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11
Q

Bolus

A

Mass of food

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12
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Allows food to leave the stomach and enter the small intestine when it is ready.

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13
Q

Large Intestines Three Parts

A

Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum

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14
Q

Jaundice (Hyperbilirubenemia)

A

Yellow discoloration of the skin, white of the eyes and mucous membranes.

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15
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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16
Q

Append/o

Appendic/o

A

Appendix

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17
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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18
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

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19
Q

Celi/o

A

Belly, abdomen

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20
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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21
Q

Cheil/o

Labi/o

A

Lip

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22
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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23
Q

Chol/e

A

Gall, bile

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24
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

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25
Q

Col/o

Colon/o

A

Colon

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26
Q

Dent/i

Odont/o

A

Tooth

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27
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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28
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestines, usually small intestines.

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29
Q

Anastomosis

A

Any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, ducts or bowl segments.

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30
Q

Para-

A

Apart from

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31
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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32
Q

Fac/i

A

Face

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33
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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34
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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35
Q

Gloss/o

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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36
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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37
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

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38
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

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39
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Lower jaw; mandible

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40
Q

Or/o

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

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41
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

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42
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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43
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

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44
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat, pharynx

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45
Q

Proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

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46
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pyloric sphincter

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47
Q

Rect/o

48
Q

Sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

49
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

50
Q

Uvul/o

51
Q

Amyl/o

52
Q

-ase

53
Q

Bil/i

A

Gall, bile

54
Q

Bilirubin/o

A

Bilirubin (bile pigment)

55
Q

Lith/o

56
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

57
Q

-lithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of a stone

58
Q

Chlorhydr/o

A

Hydrochloric acid

59
Q

Gluc/o

Glyc/o

60
Q

Glycogen/o

A

Glycogen, animal starch

61
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat, lipid

62
Q

Prote/o

63
Q

Py/o

64
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary

65
Q

Steat/o

66
Q

-lithotomy

A

Cutting in to remove a stone but not tissue

67
Q

-chezia

A

(Bright Red Blood) defecation, elimination of waste

68
Q

-prandial

69
Q

Etiology

A

(Eti/o = cause) the study of illness and treatment

70
Q

Idiopathic

A

(Idi/o = unknown) when the cause is unknown.

71
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite.

72
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

73
Q

Borborygmi

A

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract.

74
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in passing stools (feces).

75
Q

Sign

A

Perceived by an examiner

76
Q

Symptom

A

Experienced by the patient.

77
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.

78
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

79
Q

Eructation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

80
Q

Flatus

A

Gas expelled through anus.

81
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.

82
Q

Jaundice (icterus)

A

Yellow condition of skin, white of eyes by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubenemia)

83
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.

84
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.

85
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in feces.

86
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

87
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of mouth.

88
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone.

89
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.

90
Q

Esophageal Cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the esophagus.

91
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

92
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach.

93
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

94
Q

Anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.

95
Q

Colonic polyps

A

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.

96
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.

97
Q

Crohn Disease (Crohn’s)

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.

98
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpouching (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of colon.

99
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly cause by bacterial infection.

100
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.

101
Q

Ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of intestines.

102
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Inflammation of colon and small intestines.

103
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of intestines

104
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) but without defined abnormalities in intestines.

105
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.

106
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting the intestines on itself.

107
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in gallbladder

108
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of liver.

109
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

A

Liver cancer.

110
Q

Pancreatic Cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the pancreas.

111
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of pancreas.

112
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver cause by a virus.

113
Q

Trocars

A

Used to puncture and enter abdomen.

114
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal passageway

115
Q

Fissure

A

Split or crack.

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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