Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Located at the base of the brain in sella turcica;composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyphysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Androgen

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Estrogen

A

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testosterone

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormone that affect the pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Receptor

A

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steroid

A

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Target tissue

A

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulates by specific hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ster/o

A

Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-ol

A

Oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex glands (ovaries and testes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary gland; hypophyis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Thyr/o

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Calc/o

Calci/o

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

-tropin

A

To act on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex, outer region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Crin/o

A

Secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dips/o

A

Thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Estr/o

A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Gluc/o

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Poly-

A

Many or increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

-agon

A

To assemble or gather together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Home/o

38
Q

-stasis

A

Controlling

39
Q

Hormon/o

40
Q

Kal/i

41
Q

Lact/o

42
Q

-in

43
Q

Myx/o

44
Q

Natr/o

45
Q

-ectomy

A

Removal; excision; resection

46
Q

-edema

47
Q

Phys/o

48
Q

Somat/o

49
Q

Ster/o

A

Solid structure

50
Q

Toc/o

A

Childbirth

51
Q

Oxy-

A

Rapid, sharp or acute

52
Q

Toxic/o

Tox/o

53
Q

Ur/o

54
Q

-emia

A

A blood condition of..

55
Q
  • in

- ine

56
Q

-tropin

A

Stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

57
Q

-uria

A

Urine condition

58
Q

Eu-

A

Good, normal

59
Q

Pan-

60
Q

Tetra-

61
Q

Tri-

62
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

63
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Overactivity o the thyroid gland;thyrotoxicosis

64
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyeballs or proptosis, occurs as a result of swelling of tissue behind the eyeball, pushing it forward.

65
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Under-activity of the thyroid gland.

66
Q

Myxedema

A

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood.

67
Q

Cretinism

A

Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to a lack of normal physical and mental growth.

68
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Excessive production of parathormone.

69
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone.

70
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

71
Q

Addison disease

A

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex.

72
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.

73
Q

Type1 diabets

A

Autoimmune disease

74
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin resistance.

75
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Fats are improperly burned, leading to an accumulation of ketones and acids in the body.

76
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities.

77
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

78
Q

Insipidus

A

Means tasteless, reflecting the condition of dilute urine.

79
Q

Mellitus

A

Means sweet or like honey, reflecting the sugar content of urine.

80
Q

Fast in plasma glucose (FPG)

A

Also known as fasting blood sugar test. Measures circulation glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours.

81
Q

Serum and urine tests

A

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function.

82
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

Measurement of T3, T4 and T-SHIRT in the bloodstream

83
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

84
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

85
Q

BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate

86
Q

DI

A

Diabetes insipidus

87
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

88
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

89
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

90
Q

RIA

A

Radioimmunoassay

91
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions