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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bones…

A

… provide the framework on which the body s constructed and protected and supported internal organs.

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2
Q

Joints..

A

… are the places at which bones comes together. Several different types of joints are found within the body.

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3
Q

Muscles…

A

.. whether attached to bones or to internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement.

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4
Q

Tendons…

A

..are connective tissue that bind muscles to bones.

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5
Q

Ligaments..

A

.. bind bones to other bones.

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6
Q

Bone formations is called….

A

Ossification.

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7
Q

-clast

A

To break (cellular concept)

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8
Q

-clasis

A

To surgical break

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9
Q

What represents an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows; it is commonly know as the growth plate?

A

Epiphyseal Line or Epiphyseal Plate

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10
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

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11
Q

The cranial bones join each other at joints called??

A

Sutures

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12
Q

Mast/o

A

Breast

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13
Q

Styl/o

A

Pole or stake

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14
Q

Sphen/o

A

Wedge

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15
Q

Ethm/o

A

Sieve

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16
Q

Acetabulum

A

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

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17
Q

Bone

A

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.

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18
Q

Epiphysis

A

Each end of a long bone.

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19
Q

Orthopedist

A

Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint and muscle conditions.

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20
Q

Calc/o

Calci/o

A

Calcium

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21
Q

Kyph/o

Posterior Curvature

A

Humpback, hunchback

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22
Q

Lamin/o

A

Laminate

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23
Q

Lord/o

Anterior curvature

A

Curve, swayback

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24
Q

De-

A

Less or lack

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25
Q

-fication

A

The process of making

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26
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lions, lower back

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27
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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28
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

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29
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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30
Q

Scoli/o

Lateral Curvature

A

Crooked, bent

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31
Q

Rachi/o

A

Spinal column, vertebra

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32
Q

Spondyl/o

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

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33
Q

-clasis

A

To surgically break

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34
Q

-blast

A

Embryonic or immature cell

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35
Q

-listhesis *

A

Slipping

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36
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

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37
Q

-physis

A

To grow

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38
Q

-porosis

A

Pore, passage

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39
Q

-tome

A

Instrument to cut

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40
Q

Acetabul/o

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket

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41
Q

Calcane/o

Calcaneus

A

Heel

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42
Q

Carp/o

Carpals

A

Wrist bones

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43
Q

Clavicul/o

Clavicle

A

Collar bone

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44
Q

Supra-

A

Above

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45
Q

Cost/o

A

Ribs

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46
Q

Crani/o

Cranium

A

Skull

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47
Q

Femor/o

Femur

A

Thigh bone

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48
Q

Fibul/o

Fibula

A

Smaller lower leg bone

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49
Q

Humer/o

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

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50
Q

Ili/o

Ilium

A

Upper part of pelvic bone

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51
Q

Ischi/o

Ischium

A

Posterior part of pelvic bone

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52
Q

Malleol/o

Malleolus

A

Process on each side of ankle

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53
Q

Mandibul/o

Mandible

A

Lower jawbone

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54
Q

Maxill/o

Maxilla

A

Upper jawbone

55
Q

Metacarp/o

Metacarpals

A

Hand bones

56
Q

Metatars/o

Metatarsals

A

Foot bones

57
Q

Olecran/o

Olecranon

A

Elbow

58
Q

Patell/o

Patella

A

Kneecap

59
Q

Pelv/o

Pelvis

A

Hipbone

60
Q

Phalang/o

Phalanges

A

Fingers and/or toe bones

61
Q

Pub/o

Pubis

A

Anterior part of pelvic bone

62
Q

Radi/o

Radius

A

Forearm bone- thumb side

63
Q

Scapul/o

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

64
Q

Stern/o

Sternum

A

Breast bone

65
Q

Tars/o

Tarsals

A

Bones of hindfoot

66
Q

Tibi/o

Tibia

A

Shin bone

67
Q

Uln/o

Ulna

A

Forearm bone-little finger side

68
Q

Exostosis

A

Bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone.

69
Q

Fracture

A

Traumatic breaking of bone.

70
Q

Simple (closed) fracture

A

The bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin.

71
Q

Compound (open) fracture

A

The bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin.

72
Q

Reduction…

A

… is restoration of the bone to its normal position.

73
Q

Closed reduction

A

Is manipulative reduction without a surgical incision.

74
Q

Open reduction

A

Is an incision made to access fracture site.

75
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction/ internal fixation

76
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.

77
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection.

78
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Dressed in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.

79
Q

Bursa

A

Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.

80
Q

Articulation

A

Any kind of joint.

81
Q

Synovial cavity

A

Space between bones at aa synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane.

82
Q

Ankyl/o *

A

Stiff, crooked,, bent

83
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

84
Q

Articul/o

A

Joint

85
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

86
Q

Ligament/o

A

Ligament

87
Q

Ganglion/o

A

Ganglion

88
Q

Rheumat/o *

A

Watery flow

89
Q

Synov/o

A

Synovial membrane

90
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendon

91
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon

92
Q

-desis *

A

To bind, tie together

93
Q

-stenosis *

A

Narrowing

94
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of any joint.

95
Q

Gouty arthritis (gout)

A

Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.

96
Q

Bunion

A

Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base if the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

97
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist.

98
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from its joint.

99
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons.

100
Q

Herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)

A

Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into spinal canal or spinal nerves.

101
Q

Lyme disease (Lyme arthritis)

A

Chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is bacterium carried by a tick.

102
Q

Sprain

A

Trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments.

103
Q

Strain

A

An injury involving the over-stretching of muscle.

104
Q

Systemic lumps erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (CNS), heart and lungs.

105
Q

Striated muscles…

A

Makes up the voluntary or skeletal muscles that move all bones, as well as controlling facial expression and eye movement. We have conscious control over theses muscles.

106
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Makes up the involuntary or visceral muscles that contract to move internal organs such as the digestive tract, the walls of blood vessels and secretory ducts leading from glands. These muscles are controlled involuntary because they are not controlled by the conscious mind.

107
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Is striated in appearance but is like smooth muscle in its action.

108
Q

The point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called…

A

Insertion of the muscle.

109
Q

The point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone is called..

A

Origin (beginning) of the muscle.

110
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb.

111
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angel between two bones; straightening out a limb.

112
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

113
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

114
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia

115
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibrous connective tissue

116
Q

Leiomy/o *

A

Smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

117
Q

Plant/o

A

Sole of foot

118
Q

Rhabdomy/o *

A

Skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

119
Q

Sarc/o

A

Muscle and flesh

120
Q

-asthenia *

A

Lack of strength

121
Q

-trophy *

A

Development, nourishment in cell size

122
Q

Ab-

A

Away from

123
Q

Ad-

A

Toward

124
Q

Dorsi-

A

Back

125
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much

126
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Groups of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.

127
Q

EMG

A

Electromyorgan

128
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

129
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

130
Q

RF

A

Rheumatoid factor

131
Q

ROM

A

Range of motion

132
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

133
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular joint

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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