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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blood is composed of cells, or formed elements, suspended in a clear, straw-colored liquid called….

A

Plasma

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2
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

A

Or granulocytes.

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3
Q

Platelets are called….

A

Thrombocytes

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4
Q

What in the blood inhibits blood clotting, so clots do not form?

A

Anticoagulant Substances

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5
Q

Break down of red blood cells is called….

A

Hemolysis

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6
Q

Rh Factor

A

The term Rh positive (Rh+) refers to a person who is born with the Rh antigen on their red blood cells. An Rh negative (Rh-) person does not have the Rh antigen. (Named because it was first found in the blood of a rhesus monkey).

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7
Q

Bas/o

A

Base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)

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8
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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9
Q

Coagul/o

A

Clotting

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10
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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11
Q

Eosin/o

A

Red, dawn, rosy

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12
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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13
Q

Granul/o

A

Granules

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14
Q

Hem/o

Hemat/o

A

Blood

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15
Q

Hemoglobin/o

A

Hemoglobin

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16
Q

Is/o

A

Same, equal

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17
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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19
Q

Mon/o

A

One, single

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20
Q

Morph/o

A

Shape, form

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21
Q

-phil

A

Attraction

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22
Q

-blast

A

Immature, embryonic cells

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23
Q

-crit

A

Separate

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24
Q

Anis/o

A

Unequal

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25
Q

-cytosis

A

Abnormal condition of cells

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26
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

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27
Q

Neutr/o

A

Neutral (neither acid nor base)

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28
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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29
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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30
Q

Poikil/o*

A

Varied, irregular

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31
Q

Sider/o

A

Iron

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32
Q

Spher/o

A

Globe,round

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33
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

34
Q

-apheresis*

A

Removal, carrying away

35
Q

-emia

A

A blood condition of…

36
Q

-gen*

A

Giving rise to; producing

37
Q
  • globin

- globulin

A

Protein

38
Q

-lytic

A

Destruction

39
Q

-oid

A

Derived originating from, resembling

40
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

41
Q

-phage

A

Eat, swallow

42
Q

-philia

A

Attraction for

43
Q

-phoresis *

A

Carrying, transmission

44
Q

-poiesis *

A

Formation

45
Q

-stasis

A

Stop, control

46
Q

Any abnormal or pathological condition of the blood generally is referred to as a blood…

A

Dyscrasia.

47
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

48
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

49
Q

Pancytopenia

A

… occurs when stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets and erythrocytes.

50
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

51
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream.

52
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis.

FROM BOTH PARENTS

53
Q

Sickle cell trait…

A

ONE PARENT

54
Q

Thalassemia

A

Inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia.

55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Excess iron deposits throughout the body.

56
Q

Hemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting.

57
Q

Purpura

A

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhage’s and accumulation of blood under the skin.

58
Q

Leukemia

A

Increase in the cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes).

59
Q

Remission

A

Disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease.

60
Q

Relapse

A

When disease symptoms and signs reappear, necessitating further treatment.

61
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged crevice lymph nodes.

62
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values.

63
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.

64
Q

Hemoglobin test (Hgb)

A

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.

65
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

Test of the ability of blood to clot.

66
Q

Red blood cell count (RBC)

A

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

67
Q

White blood cell count (WBC)

A

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

68
Q

Apheresis

A

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood.

69
Q

Blood transfusion

A

Whole blood and cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.

70
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

The collection and later reinfusion of a patients own blood or blood components.

71
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.

72
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.

73
Q

ABO

A

Four main blood types- A, B, AB, O

74
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

75
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

76
Q

Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

77
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

78
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

79
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell count

80
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell count

81
Q

Agglutin/o

A

Clumping, sticking together

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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