Deck 9

Question 1

Explain IgA:

Answer 1

IgA is secreted across the mucosal epithelium in effector sites.
It has two isotopes, both heavy glycosylated proteins.
IgA1 predominates in serum, IgA2 is higher in secretions

Question 2

Write at least 2 contraindications for vaccines:

Answer 2

Severe allergic reaction after a previous dose of vaccine or vaccine component
Moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever
Immunodeficiency for using live attenuated vaccine
Gravidity/pregnancy for using live vaccines

Question 3

What does positive tuberculin test indicate?

Answer 3

Memory Th1 cells for m. bovis, m. tuberculosis or m. avium

Question 4

Redundancy is when:

Answer 4

several cytokines have the same effect on the cells they bind

Question 5

Pleiotrophic cytokine:

Answer 5

affects the activity of multiple cell types

Question 6

C3 convertases are:

Answer 6

enzymes that can cleave native C3 into C3a and C3b fragments
C3bBbC3b

Question 7

C5 convertases are:

Answer 7

enzymes that can cleave native C5 into C5a and C5b fragments

Question 8

What two Ig has subclasses?

Answer 8

IgG: IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3
IgG2 + IgG3 = heavy chain dimers with no light chain
IgA: IgA1 and IgA2

Question 9

What polymorphonuclear granulocytes are good for phagocytosis?

Answer 9

neutrophils and eosinophils

Question 10

What polymorphonuclear granulocyte is important in defence against parasites?

Answer 10

eosinophil

Question 11

Which complement protein can split into a or b?

Answer 11

C1-C9
Factor D?

Question 12

DAF (decay accelerating factor) block:

Answer 12

C3 convertase

Question 13

Where are mast cells, and what do they do?

Answer 13

In many tissues
Important in immunity
Binds with allergen-specific IgE
Causes degranulation of mast cells induced by cross-linking of IgE

Question 14

Dendritic cells are:

Answer 14

professional antigen-presenting cells

Question 15

Which Ig are involved in the classical complement pathway and what do they activate?

Answer 15

IgM and IgG
They activate two associated serine proteases (C1r and C1s), to initiate a proteolytic cascade involving other complement proteins

Question 16

Antibody affinity is:

Answer 16

the strength of a reaction between a single antigenic determinant and a single site on antibody

Question 17

The role of the spleen is to:

Answer 17

trap antigens from blood

Question 18

The role of the lymph node is to:

Answer 18

trap antigens from the tissue

Question 19

Define eicosanoids:

Answer 19

Eicosanoids are signalling molecules made by enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids around 20 carbons in length

Question 20

Epitopes are:

Answer 20

active regions of the immunogen that bind to antigen-specific receptors

Question 21

What Ab isotope is the first in immune response?

Answer 21

IgM

Question 22

What Ab isotope is the most abundant in blood serum?

Answer 22

IgG