Deck 8 Flashcards
Lysosome is released from:
endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome is an:
enzyme
Several of the complement proteins are:
proenzymes
The single best defining description of the classical pathway of complement activation:
It utilizes complement component C1r
Early components of the complement pathway are:
C1, C4, C2 and C3
Complement components composed of the membrane attack complex:
C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9
Function of C3b:
mediates opsonisation
C9 has:
perforin-like activity
Primary lymphoid organs provide:
the microenvironment for maturation of T and B cells
Pattern recognition receptors include:
Toll-like receptors
The basic immunoglobulin unit is composed of:
two identical heavy and two identical light chains
An isolated antigen determinant that has the ability to react specifically with antigens but cannot induce their formation is called a:
hapten
A fragment binding Fab fragment binds:
antigen
Describe the difference between anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid:
Anaphylaxis is an immediate systemic reaction caused by rapid IgE-mediated immune release of potent mediators from tissue mast cells and peripheral blood basophils.
Anaphylactoid reactions are immediate systemic reactions that mimix anaphylaxis but are not caused by IgE-mediated immune responses.
Who has IgY in their serum?
birds
What granulocyte induce inflammation?
basophils
Protein A release what immunoglobulin first?
IgA
Describe tuberculin test:
Tuberculin reaction = type IV hypersensitivity
Agent can be M. bovis, M. tuberculosis or M. avium
PPD is used to skin test animals - non-specific.
Causes delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Red, hard swelling at injection site within 12-24 hours, and may persist for several weeks.
Lesion is infiltrated with mononuclear cells, and is mediated by T cells.
Positive skin test for bovine tuberculosis: one has memory Th1 cells specific for M. bovis
Explain the difference between immunogenicity and antigenicity:
Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal.
Antigenicity is the capacity of a chemical structure to bind specifically with a group of certain products that have adaptive immunity, like TCR or BCR.
What is a toxoid vaccine?
A vaccine produced to control diseases caused by bacterial toxins
They consist of inactivated native toxins (toxoids) combined with adjuvants
- diphteria and tetanus are the 2 most common
they convert the toxin into a toxoid
