CVS: Heamodynamics Flashcards
What is the fluid collected from unclothed blood called?
Plasma
What is the fluid collected from clotted blood called?
Serum
What is the commonest cause of sledging of blood in the peripheries?
Multiple myeloma
What is an increase in red blood cells also known as?
Polycythemia
What is an increase in platelets also known as?
Thrombocythaemia
What is an increase in white cells also known as?
Leukaemia
TRUE OR FALSE: the greater the heat the greater the viscosity
FALSE: the colder the area, the greater the viscosity
What are minor changes in plasma vescosity as a result of?
Raised levels of acute phase plasma proteins
Name 3 acute phase plasma proteins.
- Fibrinogen
- Complement factors
- C-reactive protein
What do acute proteins increase in response to?
Inflammation
TRUE OR FAlSE: fluid moves from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure?
True
How is flow measured?
Volume traveled per unit of time
How is pressure measured?
PSI (pounds per square inch)
How is velocity measured?
Distance traveled per unit time
Describe turbulent flow.
Blood flowing in all directions in the vessel and continually missing within the vessel
Describe laminar flow.
When the velocity of the blood in the centre of the vessel is greater than that toward the outer edge creating a parabolic profile
When would turbulent blood flow occur?
- passing an obstruction in a vessel
- when it makes a sharp turn
- when it passes over a rough structure
- increased resistance to blood flow
What do multiple inclusions one after another in a vessel cause?
Critical ischemia
When might you n longer feel a pulse?
In elderly patients when an artery hardens due to calcification
When looking at a pressure tracing, how would you know which part is undergoing systole?
From the anacrotic limb to diacritic notch
When looking at a pressure tracing, how would you know which part is undergoing diastole?
From the diacritic notch to the end-diastolic pressure point
What is the sum of pulse pressure?
Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure
What can high peripheral resistance cause?
Retrograde flow (back flow)
What is felt when taking a pulse?
The shock wave which arrives slightly before the blood itself
What 2 things are the strength of the pulse dependant on?
- The force with which the left ventricle is able to eject blood
- The pulse pressure
What is bradycardia?
A slow heart rate
What can be a reason behind a bounding pulse?
Lower diastolic pressure resulting in a widening pulse.
TRUE OR FALSE:
Low peripheral resistance lowers diastolic pressure?
True
Give 3 reasons why peripheral resistance would be lowered.
- Hot bath
- Exercise
- Pregnancy
