CVS: Heamodynamics

Question 1

What is the fluid collected from unclothed blood called?

Answer 1

Plasma

Question 2

What is the fluid collected from clotted blood called?

Answer 2

Serum

Question 3

What is the commonest cause of sledging of blood in the peripheries?

Answer 3

Multiple myeloma

Question 4

What is an increase in red blood cells also known as?

Answer 4

Polycythemia

Question 5

What is an increase in platelets also known as?

Answer 5

Thrombocythaemia

Question 6

What is an increase in white cells also known as?

Answer 6

Leukaemia

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: the greater the heat the greater the viscosity

Answer 7

FALSE: the colder the area, the greater the viscosity

Question 8

What are minor changes in plasma vescosity as a result of?

Answer 8

Raised levels of acute phase plasma proteins

Question 9

Name 3 acute phase plasma proteins.

Answer 9

1. Fibrinogen
2. Complement factors
3. C-reactive protein

Question 10

What do acute proteins increase in response to?

Answer 10

Inflammation

Question 11

TRUE OR FAlSE: fluid moves from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

How is flow measured?

Answer 12

Volume traveled per unit of time

Question 13

How is pressure measured?

Answer 13

PSI (pounds per square inch)

Question 14

How is velocity measured?

Answer 14

Distance traveled per unit time

Question 15

Describe turbulent flow.

Answer 15

Blood flowing in all directions in the vessel and continually missing within the vessel

Question 16

Describe laminar flow.

Answer 16

When the velocity of the blood in the centre of the vessel is greater than that toward the outer edge creating a parabolic profile

Question 17

When would turbulent blood flow occur?

Answer 17

• passing an obstruction in a vessel
• when it makes a sharp turn
• when it passes over a rough structure
• increased resistance to blood flow

Question 18

What do multiple inclusions one after another in a vessel cause?

Answer 18

Critical ischemia

Question 19

When might you n longer feel a pulse?

Answer 19

In elderly patients when an artery hardens due to calcification

Question 20

When looking at a pressure tracing, how would you know which part is undergoing systole?

Answer 20

From the anacrotic limb to diacritic notch

Question 21

When looking at a pressure tracing, how would you know which part is undergoing diastole?

Answer 21

From the diacritic notch to the end-diastolic pressure point

Question 22

What is the sum of pulse pressure?

Answer 22

Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure

Question 23

What can high peripheral resistance cause?

Answer 23

Retrograde flow (back flow)

Question 24

What is felt when taking a pulse?

Answer 24

The shock wave which arrives slightly before the blood itself

Question 25

What 2 things are the strength of the pulse dependant on?

Answer 25

1. The force with which the left ventricle is able to eject blood
2. The pulse pressure

Question 26

What is bradycardia?

Answer 26

A slow heart rate

Question 27

What can be a reason behind a bounding pulse?

Answer 27

Lower diastolic pressure resulting in a widening pulse.

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE:

Low peripheral resistance lowers diastolic pressure?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Give 3 reasons why peripheral resistance would be lowered.

Answer 29

1. Hot bath
2. Exercise
3. Pregnancy