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IELTS diffrent topics > Culture & globalization > Flashcards

Culture & globalization Flashcards

1
Q

Tradition

A

Tradition: سنت - a long-established custom or belief passed down through generations (اسم)

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2
Q

Heritage

A

Heritage: میراث - traditions, achievements, or properties inherited from the past (اسم)

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3
Q

Custom

A

Custom: رسم - a habitual practice or traditional way of behaving (اسم)

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4
Q

Ritual

A

Ritual: آیین - a ceremonial or repeated act, often with symbolic meaning (اسم)

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5
Q

Ceremony

A

Ceremony: مراسم - a formal event or ritual to mark an occasion (اسم)

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6
Q

Beliefs

A

Beliefs: باورها - acceptance that something exists or is true, often religious or cultural (اسم)

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7
Q

Values

A

Values: ارزش‌ها - principles or standards that guide behavior or judgments (اسم)

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8
Q

Norms

A

Norms: هنجارها - accepted standards of behavior in a society or group (اسم)

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9
Q

Culture shock

A

Culture shock: شوک فرهنگی - disorientation when experiencing a different culture (اسم)

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10
Q

Globalization

A

Globalization: جهانی‌سازی - integration of cultures, economies, and ideas worldwide (اسم)

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11
Q

Ethnicity

A

Ethnicity: قومیت - shared cultural, linguistic, or ancestral traits of a group (اسم)

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12
Q

Cultural identity

A

Cultural identity: هویت فرهنگی - a sense of belonging to a specific culture (اسم)

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13
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Cultural diversity: تنوع فرهنگی - the coexistence of various cultures within a society (اسم)

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14
Q

Cultural heritage

A

Cultural heritage: میراث فرهنگی - traditions, monuments, or practices of historical significance (اسم)

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15
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

Cultural assimilation: همگون‌سازی فرهنگی - adopting another culture while losing one’s own traits (اسم)

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16
Q

Cultural integration

A

Cultural integration: ادغام فرهنگی - blending of different cultural elements into a cohesive whole (اسم)

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17
Q

Cultural preservation

A

Cultural preservation: حفظ فرهنگ - maintaining and protecting cultural practices or artifacts (اسم)

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18
Q

Cultural appropriation

A

Cultural appropriation: تصاحب فرهنگی - using elements of another culture, often without respect (اسم)

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19
Q

Cultural exchange

A

Cultural exchange: تبادل فرهنگی - mutual sharing of ideas and practices between cultures (اسم)

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20
Q

Cultural pride

A

Cultural pride: غرور فرهنگی - feeling proud of one’s cultural heritage (اسم)

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21
Q

Folk culture

A

Folk culture: فرهنگ عامیانه - traditional practices and beliefs of common people (اسم)

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22
Q

Popular culture

A

Popular culture: فرهنگ عامه - modern culture based on mass media and entertainment (اسم)

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23
Q

Subculture

A

Subculture: خرده‌فرهنگ - a group within a culture with distinct practices or beliefs (اسم)

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24
Q

Cross-cultural communication

A

Cross-cultural communication: ارتباط میان‌فرهنگی - exchange of information between different cultures (اسم)

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25
Q

Intercultural dialogue

A

Intercultural dialogue: گفت‌وگوی بین‌فرهنگی - discussions aimed at understanding between cultures (اسم)

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26
Q

Cultural sensitivity

A

Cultural sensitivity: حساسیت فرهنگی - awareness and respect for cultural differences (اسم)

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27
Q

Ancestry

A

Ancestry: نیاکان - lineage or descent from previous generations (اسم)

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28
Q

Lineage

A

Lineage: تبار - direct descent from an ancestor (اسم)

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29
Q

Inheritance

A

Inheritance: ارث - properties, traits, or traditions passed down (اسم)

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30
Q

Legacy

A

Legacy: میراث - something handed down by a predecessor (اسم)

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31
Q

Artisan

A

Artisan: صنعتگر - a skilled craftsperson who makes handmade items (اسم)

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32
Q

Folklore

A

Folklore: فولکلور - traditional beliefs, stories, and practices of a culture (اسم)

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33
Q

Handicrafts

A

Handicrafts: صنایع‌دستی - items made by hand using traditional skills (اسم)

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34
Q

Historical monument

A

Historical monument: بنای تاریخی - a structure of historical significance (اسم)

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35
Q

Cultural landmark

A

Cultural landmark: نشان فرهنگی - a site with cultural or historical importance (اسم)

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36
Q

Archaeological site

A

Archaeological site: محوطه باستانی - a location with remains of past civilizations (اسم)

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37
Q

Mythology

A

Mythology: اسطوره‌شناسی - a collection of myths from a particular culture (اسم)

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38
Q

Oral tradition

A

Oral tradition: سنت شفاهی - passing knowledge through spoken word (اسم)

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39
Q

Festivities

A

Festivities: جشن‌ها - celebratory events or activities (اسم)

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40
Q

Commemoration

A

Commemoration: بزرگداشت - an act of remembering and honoring an event or person (اسم)

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41
Q

Historical preservation

A

Historical preservation: حفظ تاریخی - protecting and maintaining historical sites or artifacts (اسم)

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42
Q

Cultural artifacts

A

Cultural artifacts: اشیای فرهنگی - objects that reflect cultural history or practices (اسم)

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43
Q

Mother tongue

A

Mother tongue: زبان مادری - the first language learned from birth (اسم)

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44
Q

Linguistic diversity

A

Linguistic diversity: تنوع زبانی - the variety of languages spoken in a region (اسم)

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45
Q

Bilingualism

A

Bilingualism: دوزبانگی - fluency in two languages (اسم)

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46
Q

Multilingualism

A

Multilingualism: چندزبانگی - fluency in multiple languages (اسم)

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47
Q

Endangered language

A

Endangered language: زبان در معرض خطر - a language at risk of disappearing (اسم)

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48
Q

Cultural expression

A

Cultural expression: بیان فرهنگی - ways to convey cultural identity through art, language, or customs (اسم)

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49
Q

Non-verbal communication

A

Non-verbal communication: ارتباط غیرکلامی - conveying messages without words (اسم)

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50
Q

Storytelling

A

Storytelling: قصه‌گویی - sharing stories to entertain or inform (اسم)

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51
Q

Proverbs

A

Proverbs: ضرب‌المثل‌ها - short sayings expressing general truths (اسم)

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52
Q

Idioms

A

Idioms: اصطلاحات - expressions with meanings different from the literal words (اسم)

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53
Q

Narratives

A

Narratives: روایت‌ها - accounts or stories of events (اسم)

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54
Q

Cultural symbolism

A

Cultural symbolism: نمادگرایی فرهنگی - use of symbols to represent cultural ideas (اسم)

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55
Q

Cultural metaphor

A

Cultural metaphor: استعاره فرهنگی - a concept from one culture used to explain another (اسم)

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56
Q

Cuisine

A

Cuisine: آشپزی - a style of cooking associated with a culture (اسم)

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57
Q

Cultural attire

A

Cultural attire: لباس فرهنگی - traditional clothing of a culture (اسم)

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58
Q

Dietary customs

A

Dietary customs: آداب غذایی - eating habits influenced by culture (اسم)

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59
Q

Festive celebrations

A

Festive celebrations: جشن‌های شاد - cultural or religious festivals (اسم)

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60
Q

Religious practices

A

Religious practices: آداب مذهبی - acts performed as part of religious beliefs (اسم)

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61
Q

Family structure

A

Family structure: ساختار خانواده - the organization of roles and relationships in a family (اسم)

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62
Q

Social hierarchy

A

Social hierarchy: سلسله‌مراتب اجتماعی - levels of social status within a society (اسم)

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63
Q

Hospitality

A

Hospitality: مهمان‌نوازی - friendly and welcoming behavior towards guests (اسم)

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64
Q

Gender roles

A

Gender roles: نقش‌های جنسیتی - expectations based on gender in a culture (اسم)

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65
Q

Generational gap

A

Generational gap: فاصله نسل‌ها - differences in attitudes between generations (اسم)

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66
Q

Artistic expression

A

Artistic expression: بیان هنری - conveying ideas or emotions through art (اسم)

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67
Q

Dance forms

A

Dance forms: سبک‌های رقص - traditional or modern styles of dancing (اسم)

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68
Q

Traditional music

A

Traditional music: موسیقی سنتی - music passed down through generations (اسم)

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69
Q

Globalization

A

Globalization: جهانی‌سازی - spreading ideas and practices worldwide (اسم)

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70
Q

Homogenization

A

Homogenization: همگون‌سازی - making cultures or ideas uniform across the globe (اسم)

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71
Q

Cultural erosion

A

Cultural erosion: فرسایش فرهنگی - the gradual loss or decline of cultural elements (اسم)

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72
Q

Loss of identity

A

Loss of identity: از دست دادن هویت - the process of losing one’s cultural, social, or personal identity (اسم)

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73
Q

Cultural conflict

A

Cultural conflict: تضاد فرهنگی - disagreements between different cultural groups (اسم)

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74
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Ethnocentrism: اتنو سنترسیسم - belief in the superiority of one’s own culture (اسم)

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75
Q

Xenophobia

A

Xenophobia: بیگانه‌هراسی - fear or dislike of people from other countries or cultures (اسم)

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76
Q

Cultural stereotyping

A

Cultural stereotyping: کلیشه‌سازی فرهنگی - making generalized assumptions about people based on their culture (اسم)

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77
Q

Discrimination

A

Discrimination: تبعیض - unfair treatment based on culture, ethnicity, or other factors (اسم)

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78
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

Cultural imperialism: امپریالیسم فرهنگی - the dominance of one culture over others (اسم)

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79
Q

Colonial legacy

A

Colonial legacy: میراث استعماری - cultural, social, and economic impacts of colonial rule (اسم)

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80
Q

Modernization

A

Modernization: مدرنیزاسیون - the process of adopting modern ideas, technology, and social structures (اسم)

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81
Q

Urbanization

A

Urbanization: شهرنشینی - the process of people moving from rural areas to cities (اسم)

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82
Q

Social mobility

A

Social mobility: تحرک اجتماعی - the ability of individuals to move up or down the social ladder (اسم)

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83
Q

Digital culture

A

Digital culture: فرهنگ دیجیتال - culture shaped by digital technology and online communication (اسم)

84
Q

Media influence

A

Media influence: تاثیر رسانه - the ability of media to shape public opinions and behaviors (اسم)

85
Q

Mass culture

A

Mass culture: فرهنگ توده‌ای - culture spread to large numbers of people through mass media (اسم)

86
Q

Global trends

A

Global trends: روندهای جهانی - widespread patterns or movements observed worldwide (اسم)

87
Q

Westernization

A

Westernization: غربی‌سازی - the adoption of Western ideas, values, and practices (اسم)

88
Q

Cultural hybridization

A

Cultural hybridization: هیبریدسازی فرهنگی - blending of cultural elements from different traditions (اسم)

89
Q

Cultural adaptation

A

Cultural adaptation: انطباق فرهنگی - the process of adjusting to a different culture (اسم)

90
Q

Cultural innovation

A

Cultural innovation: نوآوری فرهنگی - the creation of new cultural ideas or practices (اسم)

91
Q

Cultural resurgence

A

Cultural resurgence: احیای فرهنگی - a revival or reassertion of cultural traditions (اسم)

92
Q

Cultural fusion

A

Cultural fusion: ادغام فرهنگی - the blending of different cultural elements into a new form (اسم)

93
Q

Identity crisis

A

Identity crisis: بحران هویت - a period of uncertainty about one’s identity or values (اسم)

94
Q

Diaspora

A

Diaspora: دیاسپورا - the dispersion of a group of people from their homeland (اسم)

95
Q

Fine arts

A

Fine arts: هنرهای زیبا - artistic disciplines such as painting, sculpture, and music (اسم)

96
Q

Visual arts

A

Visual arts: هنرهای تجسمی - art forms like painting, sculpture, and photography (اسم)

97
Q

Performing arts

A

Performing arts: هنرهای نمایشی - art forms that involve live performance, such as theater and dance (اسم)

98
Q

Literature

A

Literature: ادبیات - written works, especially those with artistic or intellectual value (اسم)

99
Q

Poetry

A

Poetry: شعر - a form of literary expression that uses rhythm and style (اسم)

100
Q

Mythology

A

Mythology: اسطوره‌شناسی - a collection of myths or stories from a particular culture (اسم)

101
Q

Traditional storytelling

A

Traditional storytelling: قصه‌گویی سنتی - passing down stories orally through generations (اسم)

102
Q

Cultural festivals

A

Cultural festivals: جشنواره‌های فرهنگی - events celebrating the traditions and heritage of a culture (اسم)

103
Q

Theatrical performance

A

Theatrical performance: اجرای تئاتر - live performance of a play or drama (اسم)

104
Q

Cinematic expression

A

Cinematic expression: بیان سینمایی - artistic expression through film and cinema (اسم)

105
Q

Architecture

A

Architecture: معماری - the design and construction of buildings and structures (اسم)

106
Q

Sculpture

A

Sculpture: مجسمه‌سازی - the art of creating three-dimensional forms from materials like stone or metal (اسم)

107
Q

Calligraphy

A

Calligraphy: خوشنویسی - decorative writing, often artistic and intricate (اسم)

108
Q

Acculturation

A

Acculturation: فرهنگ‌پذیری - the process of adopting elements of another culture (اسم)

109
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Cultural relativism: نسبیت فرهنگی - the idea that cultural practices should be understood in their own context (اسم)

110
Q

Ethnocultural

A

Ethnocultural: قومیتی-فرهنگی - relating to both ethnicity and culture (صفت)

111
Q

Cultural norms

A

Cultural norms: هنجارهای فرهنگی - the standards and rules that govern behavior in a culture (اسم)

112
Q

Cultural hegemony

A

Cultural hegemony: هژمونی فرهنگی - dominance of one culture over others in a society (اسم)

113
Q

Cultural heritage site

A

Cultural heritage site: سایت میراث فرهنگی - a place of cultural significance preserved for its historical value (اسم)

114
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Multiculturalism: چندفرهنگی - the coexistence of multiple cultural groups within a society (اسم)

115
Q

Transculturalism

A

Transculturalism: فرامرزی فرهنگی - blending and exchange of cultural elements beyond national borders (اسم)

116
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Ethnocentrism: قوم‌محوری - evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one’s own culture (اسم)

117
Q

Intercultural awareness

A

Intercultural awareness: آگاهی بین‌فرهنگی - understanding and appreciating cultural differences (اسم)

118
Q

Cultural pluralism

A

Cultural pluralism: تکثر فرهنگی - the coexistence of multiple cultural groups within a society (اسم)

119
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Cultural diffusion: پخش فرهنگی - the spread of cultural elements across different societies (اسم)

120
Q

Cultural mosaic

A

Cultural mosaic: موزاییک فرهنگی - a society made up of various distinct cultural groups (اسم)

121
Q

Cultural lag

A

Cultural lag: عقب‌ماندگی فرهنگی - when one part of a culture changes faster than other parts (اسم)

122
Q

Cultural resilience

A

Cultural resilience: تاب‌آوری فرهنگی - the ability of a culture to adapt and thrive despite challenges (اسم)

123
Q

Rites of passage

A

Rites of passage: آیین‌های گذر - ceremonial events marking important transitions in life (اسم)

124
Q

Sacred traditions

A

Sacred traditions: سنت‌های مقدس - religious or spiritual customs that are highly revered (اسم)

125
Q

Heritage conservation

A

Heritage conservation: حفظ میراث - the protection and maintenance of cultural heritage (اسم)

126
Q

Archaic customs

A

Archaic customs: آداب قدیمی - outdated or ancient cultural practices (اسم)

127
Q

Taboo

A

Taboo: تابو - a social or cultural prohibition or restriction (اسم)

128
Q

Traditional craftsmanship

A

Traditional craftsmanship: صنایع‌دستی سنتی - the art of making objects by hand following traditional methods (اسم)

129
Q

Sacred relics

A

Sacred relics: بقایای مقدس - objects of religious or historical significance (اسم)

130
Q

Cultural rituals

A

Cultural rituals: آیین‌های فرهنگی - established and repeated practices within a culture (اسم)

131
Q

Ethnic dress

A

Ethnic dress: لباس قومی - traditional clothing representing a specific ethnic group (اسم)

132
Q

Tribal customs

A

Tribal customs: آداب قبیله‌ای - traditional practices of a particular tribe (اسم)

133
Q

Indigenous practices

A

Indigenous practices: روش‌های بومی - customs and traditions of indigenous peoples (اسم)

134
Q

Religious pilgrimage

A

Religious pilgrimage: زیارت مذهبی - a journey to a sacred place for religious reasons (اسم)

135
Q

Historical reenactment

A

Historical reenactment: بازسازی تاریخی - the recreation of past events or periods, often for educational purposes (اسم)

136
Q

Sacred symbols

A

Sacred symbols: نمادهای مقدس - objects or images representing spiritual or religious significance (اسم)

137
Q

Ethnographic study

A

Ethnographic study: مطالعه مردم‌شناسی - the study of cultures through direct observation and immersion (اسم)

138
Q

Festive processions

A

Festive processions: راهپیمایی‌های جشنواره‌ای - organized parades or marches during cultural or religious celebrations (اسم)

139
Q

Ceremonial dances

A

Ceremonial dances: رقص‌های آیینی - dances performed as part of cultural or religious ceremonies (اسم)

140
Q

Textile patterns

A

Textile patterns: الگوهای پارچه‌ای - designs or motifs woven or printed on textiles (اسم)

141
Q

Traditional pottery

A

Traditional pottery: سفالگری سنتی - the craft of making pottery using traditional techniques (اسم)

142
Q

Cultural ceremonies

A

Cultural ceremonies: آیین‌های فرهنگی - formal or ritualistic events that reflect a culture’s traditions (اسم)

143
Q

Cultural commodification

A

Cultural commodification: تجاری‌سازی فرهنگی - the process of turning cultural practices or symbols into products for profit (اسم)

144
Q

Cultural homogenization

A

Cultural homogenization: همگن‌سازی فرهنگی - the process by which cultures become more similar due to global influences (اسم)

145
Q

Cultural disintegration

A

Cultural disintegration: انحلال فرهنگی - the breakdown or loss of cultural cohesion (اسم)

146
Q

Global cultural trends

A

Global cultural trends: روندهای فرهنگی جهانی - popular cultural movements or shifts that spread globally (اسم)

147
Q

Media globalism

A

Media globalism: جهانی‌شدن رسانه‌ای - the spread of media and communication technologies worldwide (اسم)

148
Q

Cultural dominance

A

Cultural dominance: تسلط فرهنگی - the influence of one culture over others, often through power or media (اسم)

149
Q

Western dominance

A

Western dominance: تسلط غربی - the influence or control of Western cultures over other regions or cultures (اسم)

150
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

Cultural assimilation: همسان‌سازی فرهنگی - the process by which individuals or groups adopt the practices of a dominant culture (اسم)

151
Q

Postmodern culture

A

Postmodern culture: فرهنگ پست‌مدرن - cultural movements that reject modernist ideals and embrace diversity and skepticism (اسم)

152
Q

Cultural diversity awareness

A

Cultural diversity awareness: آگاهی از تنوع فرهنگی - understanding and appreciating the variety of cultures and their practices (اسم)

153
Q

Cultural exchange program

A

Cultural exchange program: برنامه تبادل فرهنگی - a program that allows individuals or groups to experience different cultures (اسم)

154
Q

Cosmopolitanism

A

Cosmopolitanism: کاسمopolitanism - the idea of being part of a global community, transcending national or ethnic boundaries (اسم)

155
Q

Diaspora communities

A

Diaspora communities: جوامع دیاسپورا - groups of people living outside their homeland but maintaining cultural ties (اسم)

156
Q

Cultural innovations

A

Cultural innovations: نوآوری‌های فرهنگی - new ideas, practices, or creations that emerge within a culture (اسم)

157
Q

Indigenous identity

A

Indigenous identity: هویت بومی - the sense of identity that comes from belonging to an indigenous group (اسم)

158
Q

National identity

A

National identity: هویت ملی - the shared sense of identity and culture among the people of a nation (اسم)

159
Q

Cultural self-awareness

A

Cultural self-awareness: خودآگاهی فرهنگی - an understanding of one’s own cultural background and identity (اسم)

160
Q

Ethnic minorities

A

Ethnic minorities: اقلیت‌های قومی - groups of people who belong to a smaller ethnic group within a larger society (اسم)

161
Q

Cultural pride

A

Cultural pride: افتخار فرهنگی - the feeling of pride in one’s cultural heritage and traditions (اسم)

162
Q

Regional traditions

A

Regional traditions: سنت‌های منطقه‌ای - cultural practices specific to a particular geographic region (اسم)

163
Q

Heritage identity

A

Heritage identity: هویت میراثی - the identity formed from an individual’s connection to cultural heritage (اسم)

164
Q

Ethnic representation

A

Ethnic representation: نمایندگی قومی - the depiction or inclusion of various ethnic groups in cultural contexts (اسم)

165
Q

Cultural authenticity

A

Cultural authenticity: اصالت فرهنگی - the quality of being true to the cultural traditions and practices (اسم)

166
Q

Intergenerational culture

A

Intergenerational culture: فرهنگ بین نسلی - cultural practices or knowledge passed down through generations (اسم)

167
Q

Colonial influence

A

Colonial influence: تاثیر استعماری - the cultural, political, or economic impact of colonial powers on colonized regions (اسم)

168
Q

Cultural symbolism

A

Cultural symbolism: نمادگرایی فرهنگی - the use of symbols to represent cultural ideas, values, or beliefs (اسم)

169
Q

Traditional folklore

A

Traditional folklore: فولکلور سنتی - stories, myths, and legends passed down through generations (اسم)

170
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

Cultural imperialism: امپریالیسم فرهنگی - the imposition of a dominant culture on other cultures (اسم)

171
Q

Cross-cultural misunderstandings

A

Cross-cultural misunderstandings: سوءتفاهم‌های بین‌فرهنگی - misinterpretations or conflicts between people from different cultures (اسم)

172
Q

Identity crisis

A

Identity crisis: بحران هویت - a period of confusion or uncertainty about one’s identity or role (اسم)

173
Q

Cultural alienation

A

Cultural alienation: بیگانگی فرهنگی - the feeling of being disconnected or estranged from one’s cultural identity (اسم)

174
Q

Cultural marginalization

A

Cultural marginalization: حاشیه‌نشینی فرهنگی - the social process by which certain cultural groups are pushed to the periphery of society (اسم)

175
Q

Cultural appropriation

A

Cultural appropriation: تصرف فرهنگی - the adoption or use of elements of one culture by members of another, often without respect (اسم)

176
Q

Cultural bias

A

Cultural bias: تعصب فرهنگی - the tendency to favor one’s own culture over others (اسم)

177
Q

Cultural stereotyping

A

Cultural stereotyping: کلیشه‌سازی فرهنگی - making oversimplified or generalized assumptions about a culture (اسم)

178
Q

Intercultural conflict

A

Intercultural conflict: تضاد بین‌فرهنگی - disagreements or clashes between different cultural groups (اسم)

179
Q

Cultural prejudice

A

Cultural prejudice: پیشداوری فرهنگی - preconceived opinions or biases about other cultures (اسم)

180
Q

Cultural polarization

A

Cultural polarization: قطبی‌سازی فرهنگی - the division of a society into groups with opposing cultural views (اسم)

181
Q

Mural painting

A

Mural painting: نقاشی دیواری - large-scale artwork painted on walls, often in public spaces (اسم)

182
Q

Folk music

A

Folk music: موسیقی فولکلور - traditional music that reflects the culture and stories of a particular group (اسم)

183
Q

Classical dance

A

Classical dance: رقص کلاسیک - traditional and highly stylized forms of dance, often with historical significance (اسم)

184
Q

Oral epics

A

Oral epics: حماسه‌های شفاهی - long narrative poems passed down orally, often recounting historical or legendary events (اسم)

185
Q

Proverbial wisdom

A

Proverbial wisdom: حکمت ضرب‌المثل‌ها - the wisdom contained in traditional sayings or proverbs (اسم)

186
Q

Calligraphic art

A

Calligraphic art: هنر خوشنویسی - the art of decorative handwriting (اسم)

187
Q

Stone carving

A

Stone carving: حجاری سنگ - the art of shaping stone into sculptures or designs (اسم)

188
Q

Cultural sculptures

A

Cultural sculptures: مجسمه‌های فرهنگی - sculptures that represent cultural symbols or stories (اسم)

189
Q

Folkloric dramas

A

Folkloric dramas: درام‌های فولکلوریک - theatrical performances based on traditional folklore or legends (اسم)

190
Q

Ethnic storytelling

A

Ethnic storytelling: قصه‌گویی قومی - storytelling that reflects the cultural heritage and traditions of an ethnic group (اسم)

191
Q

Epic narratives

A

Epic narratives: روایت‌های حماسی - long stories or poems that tell of heroic deeds or historical events (اسم)

192
Q

Cultural conservation efforts

A

Cultural conservation efforts: تلاش‌های حفظ فرهنگی - initiatives aimed at preserving cultural heritage and practices (اسم)

193
Q

Archaeological findings

A

Archaeological findings: یافته‌های باستان‌شناسی - discoveries made through the study of ancient artifacts and sites (اسم)

194
Q

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

A

UNESCO World Heritage Sites: سایت‌های میراث جهانی یونسکو - places designated by UNESCO as having cultural or natural significance (اسم)

195
Q

Historical relics

A

Historical relics: بقایای تاریخی - objects or artifacts from the past with cultural or historical importance (اسم)

196
Q

Traditional architecture

A

Traditional architecture: معماری سنتی - building styles and structures that reflect a culture’s historical and aesthetic values (اسم)

197
Q

Colonial artifacts

A

Colonial artifacts: آثار استعماری - objects from the colonial period that reflect the impact of colonialism (اسم)

198
Q

Ethnological research

A

Ethnological research: پژوهش‌های مردم‌شناسی - the study of human cultures through observation and analysis (اسم)

199
Q

Historical manuscripts

A

Historical manuscripts: دست‌نوشته‌های تاریخی - handwritten documents from the past, often of historical or literary significance (اسم)

200
Q

Contemporary art

A

Contemporary art: هنر معاصر - modern forms of art created by living artists (اسم)

201
Q

Street art culture

A

Street art culture: فرهنگ هنر خیابانی - the artistic expression found in public spaces, often involving graffiti or murals (اسم)

202
Q

Digital storytelling

A

Digital storytelling: داستان‌سرایی دیجیتال - the use of digital media to tell stories (اسم)

203
Q

Cyber culture

A

Cyber culture: فرهنگ سایبری - culture that emerges from online communities and digital spaces (اسم)

204
Q

Online communities

A

Online communities: جوامع آنلاین - groups of people who interact via the internet (اسم)

205
Q

Virtual reality art

A

Virtual reality art: هنر واقعیت مجازی - art created using virtual reality technology (اسم)

206
Q

Cross-cultural festivals

A

Cross-cultural festivals: جشنواره‌های بین‌فرهنگی - events celebrating and sharing cultural practices from different societies (اسم)

207
Q

Cultural revival movements

A

Cultural revival movements: جنبش‌های احیای فرهنگی - efforts to bring back or preserve cultural traditions and practices (اسم)

IELTS diffrent topics (17 decks)

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