CUE - Urban Waste and its Disposal Flashcards

Question

why do urban dwellers produce more rubbish than people living in rural areas?

Answer 1

globally, rural dwellers tend to be poorer, have higher levels of reuse and recycling, and purchase fewer shop bought items, so have less packaging

Answer 2

waste generation increases as disposable incomes and living standards increase

Answer 3

in the midst of economic growth, consumption appears to overtake sustainability and it is not controlled until a city becomes competitively wealthy

Answer 4

``` energy sources cultural norms levels of economic development climate geographical location ```

Answer 5

``` water, ground and air pollution costs of collecting and treating waste health problems city authorities struggling to collect increasing quantities of waste cities are running out of space ```

Answer 6

waste is a large source of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas

Answer 7

in lower income countries urban authorities may spend 20-50% of their budget on solid waste management

Answer 8

people can get cholera, diarrhoea and dengue fever from untreated or uncollected waste

Answer 9

in 2015 the closure of the landfill site south east of Beirut cause a political crisis. rubbish collector piled of mountains of untested waste, leading to civil protests

Answer 10

in 2012, 30-60% of urban solid waste in LICs was uncollected. only 40% of daily waste in Cairo is collected and disposed of appropriately

Answer 11

can reduce volume of waste needing disposal by 90% cost effective once constructed and operational long life span can reduce toxicity of waste can be used to produce energy

Answer 12

expensive unpopular with neighbouring residents poses challenges of air pollution - CO2 is a greenhouse gas, particulate emission require managing and chimney emissions can be toxic poses challenges of bottom ash disposal

Answer 13

facilities are properly cited with necessary controls (in HICs) different types of waste accepted and ordered good use of abandoned quarries methane can be vented and used as a fuel on reaching capacity can be sealed, top-soiled and landscaped for recreational use cost effective and safe is managed efficiently

Answer 14

unsightly unpopular with neighbouring residents unpleasant smell attracts vermin, flies and scavenging birds wind blown material becomes unsightly litter potential leaching of chemicals threatens groundwater supply decaying matter produces methane (greenhouse gas, explosive) takes up a lot of space generates heavy, dirty, lorry traffic

Answer 15

``` reduce reuse recycle recover landfill incineration controlled dump ```

Answer 16

reduce reuse recycle recover

Answer 17

waste related legislation financial incentives education

Answer 18

waste electrical and electronic equipment

Answer 19

10% is recycled or composted 4/5ths of the remaining MSW is collected and taken to landfill sites the rest is burned or dumped illegally

Answer 20

payatas - 6 mountains of rubbish tens of meters high covering 200 hectares

Answer 21

it was officially closed after a collapse during a rainstorm killed over 200 people p

Answer 22

more than 80,000 slum dwellers

Answer 23

they live blighted by stench, their drinking water contaminated by heavy metals, lubricants and solvents over 400 waste pickers face severe health problems including typhoid, hepatitis and cholera

Answer 24

disposal that is not controlled of supervised by regulation of law. usually land filling or incineration in HICs and open du ps is LICs and MICs

Answer 25

insects, vermin and scavenging animals pas son air and water borne diseases contamination of groundwater and surface water by leachate higher diarrhoea and a cute respiratory infections

Answer 26

carried out when materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.

Answer 27

reproduce recovery is the selective extraction of disposed materials for a specific next use, such as recycling, composting or energy generation

Answer 28

manufacturing new products in using recycled materials saves energy e.g producing aluminium from recycled aluminium requires 95% less energy than producing it from virgin materials. reduced quantities of disposed waste return of materials to economy

Answer 29

material recovery requires energy leading to greenhouse gas emissions if informal recyclers improperly burn materials when processing them for reuse or sale, greenhouse gas emissions can be high

Answer 30

reduced quantities of disposed waste | returns materials to the economy

Answer 31

material recovery requires energy, leading to greenhouse gas emissions

Answer 32

dumping of waste in oceans e.g some companies are dumping radioactive and hazardous waste in the coastal waters of Somalia. in order to minimise ecological impacts on the sea bed, most dredged material is dumped at established sites or used for beach nourishment of land reclamation

Answer 33

waste may be moved between countries. the global waste trade is the international trade of waste between countries for further treatment, disposal or recycling

Answer 34

negative ecological impacts on sea bed water pollution harmful to marine organisms

Answer 35

inadequate regulation has allows many NEEs and LICs to become toxic dumps for hazardous waste, leading to native health effects. LICs and NEEs often don't have safe recycling processes or facilities and hazardous wastes aren't properly disposed of or treated. workers may process toxic waste with their bare hands leading to illness and death. the surrounding environment may also be poisoned with disastrous effect on natural ecosystems