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A Level Human Geography > CUE - Urban Drainage > Flashcards

CUE - Urban Drainage Flashcards

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1
Q

hydrology of urban areas

A

lower evapotranspiration, high runoff, lower infiltration

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2
Q

more or less precipitation in urban areas?

A

more

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3
Q

ways in which urban areas move water quickly

A

sloping roofs
guttering (smooth and rounded)
camber of the road

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4
Q

storage areas in urban areas

A 
reservoirs
swimming pools
rivers
ponds/lakes (parks)
puddles
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5
Q

urban storm hydrograph - lag time

A

lag time is short and surface runoff gets to the river quickly through the drainage system

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6
Q

urban storm hydrograph - rising limb

A

steep rising limb as surface runoff gets into the river quickly through drainage system

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7
Q

urban storm hydrograph - base flow

A

low base flow as low levels of ground/soil water due to impermeable surfaces

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8
Q

ways to increase the storage capacity of urban rivers

A

dredging

channelisation

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9
Q

what is hard engineering?

A

uses man made structures to prevent or control natural river processes from taking place.

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10
Q

what is soft engineering?

A

works alongside the natural processes to manage the risk

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11
Q

characteristics off hard management strategies (5)

A 
require a lots of planning
expensive
changes or damages the environment
unsustainable
initial cost may save money in the long term
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12
Q

characteristics of soft management strategies (5)

A 
doesn't change to damage the environment
cheaper
sustainable
less intrusive
can take a long time to be effective
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13
Q

hard engineering strategies is catchment management

A

diversion spillways
river straightening
river channelisation
natural levees and embankments

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14
Q

soft engineering strategies in catchment management

A

afforestation
riverbank conservation
river restoration
floodplain zoning

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15
Q

what does river straightening do?

A

they cut through meanders to create a straight channel, increasing the gradient and speed of flow, however may increase flood risk further downstream

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16
Q

describe diversion spillways

A

permanent feature, by passing the main channel, for emergency use

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17
Q

what is river channelisation?

A

lining straightened channels with concrete, reducing friction

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18
Q

what can be done to natural levees?

A

they can be made higher, increasing capacity

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19
Q

what are embankments?

A

raised riverbanks using concrete walls, blocks of stone or material dredged from the river bed
more sustainable option, looks more natural than concrete walling, more common in urban areas

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20
Q

what does afforestation do?

A

evapotranspiration dissipates water that would end up in the river channel

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21
Q

what does riverbank conservation do?

A

planting bushes and trees reduces lateral erosion, bank collapse and so silting up of the channel

22
Q

what is river restoration?

A

return of the channel to its natural course and so the reversal o artificial drainage management ‘solutions’ in the past

23
Q

what does floodplain zoning do?

A

restricts different land uses to certain locations

24
Q

social benefits of lamb drove

A

improvement in quality of life

increases amenity and social value to residents and local community

25
Q

economic costs of lamb drove

A

costs to build

26
Q

economic benefits of lamb drove

A

construction and ongoing maintenance costs have been 10% les than conventional pipe systems
affordable houses
external funding

27
Q

environmental costs of lamb drove

A

some people consider standing water to be a hazard (it isn’t)

28
Q

environmental benefits of lamb drove

A

improvement in biodiversity and ecology
improved water quality (lower heavy metal concentrations)
reduces flooding
more attractive

29
Q

location of lamb drove

A

Cambourne, west of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire

30
Q

what is lamb drove?

A

a 35 affordable homes development

31
Q

aims of lamb drove

A

to showcase practical and innovative sustainable water management techniques within new residential developments
to demonstrate that suds are a viable and attractive alternative to more traditional forms of drainage and to deliver practical solutions for new housing areas.

32
Q

suds components in lamb drove

A 
water butts
permeable paving
green sedum roof
Swales
detention basins and wetlands
retention pond
33
Q

what do water butts do?

A

collect roof water for garden irrigation

34
Q

what does permeable paving do?

A

allows water to enter porous storage zones, and filter out pollutants

35
Q

what does a green sedum roof do?

A

reduces and treats runoff

36
Q

what do Swales do?

A

shallow open channels collect all excess water form the site, slowing the flow and continuing the treatment process.

37
Q

what do detention basins and wetland do?

A

slow down runoff rage and store water on a temporary short-term basis during floods

38
Q

what are retention ponds in lamb drove?

A

final storage of water before being released to a drainage ditch beyond the development site.

39
Q

name of the river restoration case study

A

Cheonggyecheon river project

40
Q

location of the Cheonggyecheon river

A

Seoul, South Korea

41
Q

what was the water course of Cheonggyecheon originally like?

A

a small seasonal stream

42
Q

why was Cheonggyecheon originally covered in?

A

it was seen as a sanitation and flood risk

43
Q

2 aims of the Cheonggyecheon river project

A

improved connectivity between the north and south sides of the city
to create ecological and recreational opportunities in the centre of Seoul.

44
Q

3 features of work done to restore Cheonggyecheon

A

the elevated freeway and concrete deck covering the stream were dismantled.
22 bridges built to improve movement from north to south.
water from the Hanang River is pumped in to create a consistent flow, which is treated to make sure it isn’t polluted

45
Q

what did local businesses think about the Cheonggyecheon river project?

A

they originally saw it as an interruption or threat to their livelihoods

46
Q

how many people now visit Cheonggyecheon?

A

millions (18.1 million by the end of 2008)

47
Q

a piece of evidence to show that the Cheonggyecheon river project can be considered to be economically sustainable

A

since the restoration, development capital has been invested in residential construction and property prices have risen at double the rates elsewhere in the city

48
Q

how has the Cheonggyecheon river project affected temperatures

A

2.5 C reduction in average temperatures in the area

49
Q

why could the Cheonggyecheon river project be considered to be socially unsustainable

A

irregular surfaces are uncomfortable for people in wheelchairs and poorly lit, congested tunnels can be difficult for those with visual impairments and mobility issues

50
Q

what problems might planners face in the UK if they shed to carry out a scheme such as Cheonggyecheon on a major British city

A

lengthy project
expensive - would need a lot of funding
would require planning permission and a lot of resources invested
stronger opposition from business and residents
traffic issues involving needing to reroute and careful consideration of existing routes

A Level Human Geography (41 decks)

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