CUE - Social and Economic Issues: Cultural Diversity

Question 1

4 reasons immigrants are more likely to choose to live in urban areas.

Answer 1

range of employment opportunities.
first point of entry.
house earlier immigrant groups with the same ethnicity.
established cultural diversity means there are specialist shops and religious centres.

Question 2

What are the benefits of cultural diversity?

Answer 2

Greater exposure to different foods, music, language and religion.

Question 3

Give examples of the benefits of cultural diversity.

Answer 3

Notting hill carnival and Mela are part of the British calendar.
Indian mean chicken tikka masala is a favourite in the UK.
Chinese, Thai and Mexican restaurants can be found in every major urban area in Britain.

Question 4

Types of ethnic segregation.

Answer 4

Self segregation and segregation due to external factors.

Question 5

4 reasons for ethnic self segregation.

Answer 5

Migrants seek the support and security of living near friends and relatives within an ethnic minority community.
Provision of specialist facilities.
Protection against racial abuse and attack from majority population.
Maintenance of culture, language and traditions.

Question 6

4 reasons for ethnic segregation due to external factors.

Answer 6

Migrants have been a source of cheap labour, forcing them into areas of cheap housing.
Ethnic minorities have been discriminated against in access to local authority housing.
Hostility from the majority population.
Movement of the majority population out of the area.

Question 7

What is ‘white flight’?

Answer 7

Movement of majority population out of the areas into which minority populations have moved.

Question 8

2 strategies for managing ethnic segregation.

Answer 8

Policy of interculturism.

Legislation on anti-racism, employment rights and opportunities.

Question 9

What do interculturism policies do?

Answer 9

Emphasise interaction and exchange of ideas between different cultural groups.
Find areas of mutual interest and conduct community engagement in ‘intercultural spaces’ e.g libraries, schools, community centres, sports clubs.

Question 10

How can legislation tackle ethnic segregation?

Answer 10

It combats discrimination, prejudice and racism. Encouraging greater political involvement of different cultural groups can also encourage greater integration and provide a voice for those who may feel under-represented.

Question 11

What are the challenges associated with cultural diversity?

Answer 11

It can put extra pressure on already stretched urban services.
Some argue multicultural policies intended to celebrate cultural diversity can lead to segregation.

Question 12

Examples of urban services that may be under pressure due to cultural diversity.

Answer 12

Local authorities may need to provide English lessons or bilingual literature.
Hospitals may need to cater for specific illnesses.
Schools may alter their curricular and holiday patterns to cater for different ethnic groups.

Question 13

What is cultural diversity?

Answer 13

The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Question 14

What is a diaspora?

Answer 14

A group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world.

Question 15

What is social segregation?

Answer 15

When groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age.

Question 16

3 reasons for social segregation.

Answer 16

Housing
Changing environments
Ethnic dimension

Question 17

How does housing cause social segregation?

Answer 17

Wealthier groups can pay more for houses away from poor areas, but poorer groups have far less choice in where to live.

Question 18

How do changing environments cause social segregation?

Answer 18

Houses built for larger families have been converted into flats for people on low incomes. Former poor areas have been gentrified, making them popular amongst wealthier groups.

Question 19

How do ethnic dimensions cause social segregation.

Answer 19

When immigrants first arrive they may suffer discrimination in the job market so afford cheap housing. They cluster in poor areas and these ethnic groupings tend to continue into later generations.

Question 20

Evidence of cultural diversity in London.

Answer 20

More than 300 languages spoken.

At least 50 non-indigenous communities with populations of 10,000 or more.

Question 21

Examples of segregation in London.

Answer 21

An influx of very wealthy immigrants in recent years which have tended to cluster together. The most affluent boroughs of Mayfair and Knightsbridge are home to a multitude of millionaires from the Middle East and the former Soviet Union. The price of housing in these areas now far exceeds the reach of most, even wealthy, British people.

Question 22

Patterns of ethnic segregation in London.

Answer 22

Large concentrations of people from a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. Vast numbers of people of Indian descent reside in West London whilst white British populations can be found in a concentric pattern around the edge of the city.