Cross-cultural Research of Attachment Flashcards
Aims of Cross Cultural Research
=> Find out if attachment varies between cultures
=> Find out if Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure is ethnocentric
Van Ijzendoorn + Kroonenburg’s Meta analysis
Of 32 studies across 8 countries (15 in US)
Findings :
Secure was most common - 75% in Britain to 50% in China
IR - least w/ 3% in Britain + 30% in Israel
IA - most common in Germany, least in Japan
Simonella (2014)
Assessed 76 Italian 1 year olds in Strange Situation
Results: 50% secure, 36% IA
- Concluded it was due to increasing amounts of women working long hours + using professional childcare
Min Kyonug Jin et al (2012)
Strange Situation w/ 87 Korean babies
=> Only 1 IA - reflects studies done in Japan where parents have similar child-rearing styles
Use of Indigenous Researchers in Meta Analysis - AO3 (S)
- Studies conducted by psychologists from same cultural background as their place of research
=> Avoids biases, language barriers, stereotyping etc => Increases - Many studies in attachment, however, are collected by people from different cultures
Confounding Variables - AO3 (L)
Many diff. pieces of research in meta-analysis which can include;
- Sample characteristics such as social class, age + rural/urban distribution
- Environmental such as room size, toy availability + type
: affect + invalidate ability to compare 1 study to another
Imposing an Etic - AO3 (L)
=> imposing a test designed for 1 culture to another
=> Strange Situation was designed for babies in US to assess their behaviour
=> Those in diff cultures could react differently according to cultural norms but not mean diff attachment
=> Could render comparisons meaningless
Role of the Media? - AO3 (S)
- Van Ijzendoorn + Kroonenburg suggest alt. theory to Bowlby’s theories of attachment as innate + universal
- Due to some behaviours of observed across culture
- Argues the global media’s more of a factor than intrinsic ones
