Cognitive Interview Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive Interview

A

A method of interviewing EW to help them retrieve more accurate memories, using 4 main techniques all based on evidence-based psychological knowledge of human memory

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2
Q
  1. Report Everything
A

Witnesses are encouraged to include every detail even if it seems irrelevant as it may trigger other memories

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3
Q
  1. Reinstate Context
A

EW should return to original crime scene mentally + imagine the environment, weather, emotions etc.
- To prevent Context-dependent forgetting

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4
Q
  1. Change Perspective
A

Recall from others’ POV like other EWs or criminal

- Disrupts effect of expectations/schema - what should have happened - on recall

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5
Q
  1. Reverse Order
A

Recall in diff. chronological order to original scene

=> prevents presuming events or dishonest accounts

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6
Q

Enhanced Cognitive Interview (ECI)

A

Fisher et al (1987) developed additional elements to focus on social dynamics of interaction e.g.

  • Knowing when to make eye contact + when to relinquish
  • Also includes reducing EW anxiety, reducing distraction, open ended Qs etc
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7
Q

Support on CI’s effectiveness - Meta Analysis (AO3)

A

Kohnken et al (1999) - Combined data from 55 studies comparing CI to standard interview gave 41% increase in accurate info - only 4% of studies showed no difference

  • SUGGESTS => CI is effective in helping witnesses recall info stored not necessarily accessible
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8
Q

COUNTERPOINT to Meta Analysis Support (AO3)

A
  • There’s also an increase in inaccurate info collected with ECI doing this more than CI
    => may sacrifice quality of EWT for amount of info - police should treat EWT w/ caution
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9
Q

Some Elements May Be More Useful (AO3)

A

Milne + Bull (2002) found each technique alone produced more info but steps 1+2 produced the best recall out of other elements + combinations

  • Confirms police’s suspicion about CI and causes doubt in CI’s credibility overall
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10
Q

Time Consuming (AO3)

A
  • Takes more training causing reluctance
  • More time spent estabilishing rapport w/ EW so they relax
  • Requires special training that many police forces dont have the resources for

=> SUGGESTS it isn’t realistic to implement or we should only focus on key parts

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11
Q

Variations of the CI (AO3)

A
  • Some police have taken a ‘pick + mix’ approach to CI
    • Hard to compare effectiveness of diff. approaches in research studies
    • BUT is more flexible as individuals can develop own style dependent on what works for them
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