Cranium Flashcards
How is cranium divided?
into Neurocranium and Viscerocranium s. splanchnocranium.
Ossa neurocranii bones
Os sphenoidale Os occipitale Os parietale Os frontale Os temporale Os ethmoidale
Ossa viscerocranii consists:
Os zygomaticum Maxilla Os lacrimale Os nasale Concha nasalis inferior Os palatinum Vomer Mandibula Os hyoideum Ossicula auditus
How is os sphenoidale divided ?
divided into: corpus, ala minor, ala major, processus pterygoideus.
Os Sphenoidale corpus
Facies superior
- Sella turcica
- Tuberculum sellae
- Sulcus prechiasmaticus
- Fossa hypophysialis
- Dorsum sellae (“back”)
Facies lateralis
- Sulcus caroticus (sarvista alas, sella turcican vieressä
Facies anterior
- Apertura sinus sphenoidalis (nenäreiät)
- Sinus sphenoidalis
- Septum sinuum sphenoidalium
Facies posterior
- Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis
- Synostosis sphenooccipitalis
- Os basilare
Os Sphenoidale ala minor
Facies orbitalis (lower surface)
Facies cerebralis (upper surface)
- Canalis opticus (sulcus prechiasmatis vieres)
- Fissura orbitalis superior
- Processus clinoideus anterior (sarvet niskaan päin)
Os Sphenoidale ala major
Facies temporalis (sivusiivet)
Facies infratemporalis
- Crista infratemporalis
Facies maxillaris (small close to rotundum)
Facies orbitalis
Facies cerebralis (only inner)
- Foramen rotundum
- Foramen ovale
- Foramen spinosum
- Impressiones digitatae
- Juga cerebralia
- Sulci arteriosi
Os sphenoidal processus pterygoideus
Sarvet in the lower part
- Lamina medialis
- Fossa pterygoidea
- Lamina laterlis
- Canalis pterygoideus (superiorly)
How is os occipitale divided? Where does the spinal cord go?
Divided into pars basilaris, pars lateralis and squama occipitalis.
Foramen magnum is the large opening for spinal cord.
Os occipitale
Pars basilaris
- Tuberculum pharyngeum (outside of the bone, opposite side of clivus)
- Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris
- Clivus
Pars lateralis
- Condylus occipitalis (the wing outer part)
- Canalis hypoglossi (next to the foramen magnum laterally, closer than condylaris, more like painautuma)
- Canalis condylaris (next to the foramen magnum laterally, hole)
- Incisura jugularis (canalis condylaris)
- Sulcus sinus sigmoidei (laterally “towards ears”)
Squama occipitalis
Facies externa
- Protuberantia occipitalis externa (linea superior leaves from here)
- Crista occipitalis externa
- Linea nuchae superior (outside border)
- Linea nuchae inferior (outside border)
Facies cerebralis Takaraivosta kohti selkäydintä --> - Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris - Sulcus sinus transversi - Protuberantia occipitalis interna - Crista occipitalis interna
Os parietale kulmat
Angulus frontalis (90, upper) Angulus sphenoidalis (lower, sharp) Angulus occipitalis (upper, next to frontal) Angulus mastoideus (next to sharp)
Os parietal facies and their structures
Facies externa
- Tuber parietale (kyhmy)
- Linea temporalis superior
- Linea temporalis inferior
- Foramen parietale (small hole close to angulus occipitalis)
Facies cerebralis
- Impressiones digitatae (sormenjäljet)
- Juga cerebralia (verisuonipainaumat)
- Sulci arteriosi (vahvimmat painaumat)
- Foveolae granulares (close to angels frontalis 90 degree, small holes)
- Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris (lining of the upper margo)
- Sulcus sinus sigmoidei (next to sulcus mastoids (so other side of the sharp angulus sphenoidalis)
How is os frontale divided?
Divided into squama frontalis, pars nasalis, pars orbitalis.
Squama frontalis os frontale
Facies externa
- Tuber frontale (kyhmyt)
- Arcus superciliaris (kulmakarvat)
- Glabella (b. arcuses)
- Margo supraorbitalis (sharp line of arches)
- Incisura frontalis
- -> foramen frontale
- Processus zygomaticus (the end of arcus
- Linea temporalis (ohimon reuna)
- Facies temporalis (ohimo)
Facies cerebralis
- Crista frontalis (lower in the middle of the hollow)
- Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris (superior to crust b. two lines)
Pars nasalis, Pars orbitalis os frontale
Pars nasalis
- Incisura ethmoidalis (silmäkuoppien välinen “trabecula”)
- Apertura sinus frontalis (in the hevosenkenkä)
- Sinus frontalis
- Septum sinuum frontalium (wall between sinus frontalis)
Pars orbitalis
Facies orbitalis
- Fossa glandulae lacrimalis (silmäkuoppa)
- Foramen ethmoidale anterius (anterior next to nose)
- Foramen ethmoidale posterius
Facies cerebralis
- Impressiones digitatae
- Juga cerebralia
How is os ethmoidale divided into?
into lamina cribrosa, lamina perpendicularis, labyrinthus etmoidalis
Os ethmoidale
Lamina cribrosa
- Cribrae ethmoidales
Lamina perpendicularis
- Crista galli
Labyrinthus ethmoidalis
- Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores
- Cellulae ethmoidales mediae
- Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores
- Lamina orbitalis
- Concha nasalis superior
- Concha nasalis media
os basillare
os sphenoidale + os occipitale
How is os temporale divided?
Divided into pars petrosa, pars mastoidea, pars tympanica and pars squamosa.
Pars petrosal os temporale
Apex partis petrosae Margo anterior Margo superior --> Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris Margo posterior --> Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris --> Canaliculus cochleae (next to Meatus, kinda below it) --> Incisura jugularis (behind cochleae)
Facies anterior
Tegmen tympani (“peukku” painautuma)
Eminentia arcuata (elevation, “vuoren huippu”)
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris (lähempänä eminentiaa)
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
Impressio trigeminalis (for ganglio trigeminalis)
Facies posterior
Porus acusticus internus (outer & inner biggest hole)
Meatus acusticus internus (continuation of porus, = short channel)
canaliculi vestibuli (posteriorly from the porus, super small “dot”)
Facies inferior
Processus styloideus
Foramen stylomastoideum (in the tip of processes, opening for canalis n. facialis)
Canalis n. facialis
Fossa jugularis
Fossula petrosa (b. fossa jugularis and canalis caroticus)
Canaliculus tympanicus
Canalis caroticus (opens in the apex)
Canalis musculotubarius (divides into semicanalis)
Semicanalis tubae auditivae (auditive tube)
Semicanalis musculi tensoris tympani (closer to canalis caroticus)
Pars mastoidea and pars tympanic of os temporale
Pars mastoidea
Processus mastoideus
Cellulae mastoideae (reikiä processuksen sisällä)
Antrum mastoideum (reduces pain if put warm on it in case of infection)
Incisura mastoidea (closer to processus)
Sulcus artery occipitalis (further away from processus)
Foramen mastoideum
Sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Pars tympanica
Fissura petrotympanica
Pars squamosa os temporale
Facies temporalis
Processus zygomaticus
Fossa mandibularis
Tuberculum articulare
Facies cerebralis
Impressiones digitatae
Juga cerebralia
Sulci arteriosi
Canales ossis temporalis
- Canalis n. facialis
- Canalis caroticus
- Canalis musculotubarius
- Canaliculus tympanicus
- Canaliculus vestibuli
- Canaliculus cochleae
- Cavitas tympani
- Canaliculus chordae
tympani