Collo 2: lymph/nerves of thoracic part Flashcards
Afferents of Autonomic NS
- are not classified as either sympathetic or parasympathetic
- conduct sensory impulses (usually pain) from viscera, glands, blood vessels to CNS
- usually accompany sympathetic efferents
- travel up to sympathetic ganglia (sympathetic trunk) → via ramus communicans albus → spinal nerve → dorsal root of spinal nerve
- sensory neurons are in spinal ganglia of dorsal roots of C8 – L3 spinal nerves
Fibers leave ganglion through
- ramus communicans griseus
- contains postganglionic fibres of ganglia paravertebralia
- joins with n. spinalis, then in content of ventral and dorsal branches of n. spinalis
- reach the skin (for supplying vessels, sweat glands and m. arrector pili) and also
skeletal muscles (to maintain trophic and tone)
- it means that all ventral and dorsal spinal branches receive also sympathetic fibres - ramus interganglionalis
- contain preganglionic fibres what from C8 - L2 ganglia ascend to the cervical ganglia
or descend to the lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal ganglia to synapse there - ramus vascularis
- contains postganglionic fibers form the plexus around blood vessels and supply
them - ramus visceralis
- run as nn. splanchnici to form the plexus around inner organs and supply them
- contains post- or preganglionic fibers
- postganglionic fibers supply viscera in the neck and thorax
- preganglionic fibres via nn. splanchnici reach prevertebral ganglia to synapse in
them and supply viscera in the abdomen
How are the spinal nerves situated?
• Lower C and upper T segments: at level one above
• Middle T segments 2 above vertebrae level
• T10-12: at T8-9 vertebrae
• L at the level T10-11 vertebrae
• S and Co: T12 and L1 vertebrae
–> Radix sensoria/motoria (or dorsal and ventral) -> spinal nerve ->
* ramus ventralis (lateral, anterior trunk/limbs): nervi intercostales, plexus cervicalis/brachialis/lumbosacralis
*ramus dorsalis (skin and muscles of the back and posteriorly neck)
* ramus communicans albus: communicates with the sympathetic trunk; GVE, and GVA fibres; present C8-L2
* ramus meningeus
–> they leave the vertebral canal below their corresponding vertebrae though!
Cauda equina = L, S, Co travel longer distance to reach the foramen form common band
Parasympathetic NS central - cranial part
CN10: nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- -> pregg fibers: N. vagus -> target organs
- -> postgg fibers short: heart, lung, gall bladder, liver, stomach, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestines till colon descendes
Branches in thoracic part:
- Rr. Cardiac thoracici
- Rr. Bronchiales –> plexus pulmonalis
- Plexus oesophageus –> truncus vagalis anterior et posterior
Branches in abdominal part:
- Truncus vagalis anterior –> rr. Gastrici anteriores, rr. Hepatici
- Truncus vagalis posterior –> rr. Gastrici posteriors, rr. Renales, rr. Coeliaci via plexus coeliacus –> almost all internal organs of abdominal cavity large intestine till 1/3 of colon transversum, upper 2/3 of ureters, PLUS testis et epididymis and ovarium
–> The side branches of the thoracic part:
1) rami cardiaci thoracici join to rr. cardiaci cervicales inferiores to form plexus cardiacus;
2) rami bronchiales join with branches of truncus sympathicus to form pulmonary plexus – plexus pulmonalis which supplies the mucous membrane, the glands and the smooth muscles of the bronchi
as well as the lungs and pleura visceralis s. pulmonalis;
3) plexus oesophageus supplies the mucous membrane, the glands and the smooth muscles of the
oesophagus.
• Nuclei parasympathici sacrales: S2-4
pregg fibers -> in content of motor roots; the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sacral spinal nerves and ventral rami of them -> transmit somatic plexus – plexus sacralis
pregg parasympathetic fibers = nn. Splanchnici pelvini –> synapse in terminal / intramural ganglia of target organs
postgg fibers short: innervate distal large intestines and bladder (contraction of SMC since makes you pee easier), genitalia
- Sacral part: large intestine end, rectum, urinary bladder, genitalia
• PS nucleus in spinal cord S2-4
Parasympathetic NS: peripheral part - ganglia and fibers
- supply thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities
- terminal – near the outer surface of a target organ
- intramural – within the target organ
- Plexus cardiacs
- Plexus pulmonalis
- Plexus oesophageus
- Plexus coealiacus
- Plexus aorticus abdominal
- Plexus mesenteries superior
- Plexus mesentericus inferior
- Plexus intermesentericus
- Plexus Hypogastricus superior
- Plexus hypogastricus inferior
- -> pregg parasympathetic fibers
- -> postgg sympathetic fibers
- Plexus cardiacus
- at the basis cordis
o Postgg sympathetic fibers: n. cardiacus cervicalis superior, medius, inferior, rr. Cardiac thoracici
o Pregg parasympathetic fibers of CNX: rr. Cardiac cervicales superiors / inferiores, rr. Cardiaci thoracici
- Divides into:
o superficial – beneath arcus aortae in front of a. pulmonalis sin. (formed by Psy rr. Cardiac cervicales inferiores sin and Sy. N. cardiacus cervicalis superior sin)
o deep part – behind arcus aortae in front of bifurcatio trachea
–> continues along the coronary arteries, its branches are located also between epicardium and myocardium - plexus cardiacus spreads along the coronary arteries as plexus coronarius dexter et sinister to supply all parts and layers of the heart
- Plexus pulmonalis
o Continuity of plexus cardiacus
o Innervates bronchial tree and visceral pleura
o Divides into anterior and posterior parts
- Postgg sympathetic fibers – rr. Pulmonales; relaxation of SMC and vasoconstriction of pulmonal vessels
- Pregg parasympathetic fibers of CN10 – rr. Bronchiales – stimulate secretion from the bronchial glands, contraction of the bronchial SMC and vasodilation of the pulmonal vessel
- Plexus oesophageus
o Innervate lower oesaphageal SMC glands, and BV
o Postgg sympathetic fibers – rr. Oesophageales (thoracic ganglia)
o Pregg parasympathetic fibers of CN10 – rr. Oesophageales
- Plexus coealiacus
in front of aorta abdominal T12-L2
o Contains sympathetic prevertebral gg; coeliaca and aorticorenalis
o Receives pregg sympathetic fibers from truncus sympathicus – n. splanchnicus major, minur, imus and lumbales –> synapse in gg to postgg fibers
o Transmits pregg parasympathetic fibers from n. vagus – rr.coeliaci from truncus vagalis posterior
- Secondary plexuses divided into:
o Single: plexus hepaticus, splenicus, gastrici, pancreaticus
o Paired: renalis, suprarenalis, uretericus, testicularis/ovaricus
- Plexus aorticus abdominal
- lies in front of aorta abdominalis between the L2 and L4 vertebras.
o Sides and in front of aorta b. plexus mesentericus superior et inferior
o Receives fibers from celiac plexus
o Superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses arise plus hypogastric plexus
From plexus coeliacus et abdominalis are derived plexus renalis, uretericus, testicularis/ovaricus, iliac et femoral
- Plexus mesenteries superior
– surrounds a. mesenterica superior
o Continuation of the two above mentioned
o Ganglion mesentericum superius (prevert. Symp.) synapse with pregg symp. Fibers from plexus coeliacus/ truncus sympatheticus
o Transmits pregg parasymp. Fibers from n. vagus
o Secondary plexuses; small intestine, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon
- Plexus mesentericus inferior
– surrounds a. mesenterica inferior
o From the plexus aorticus abdominalis
–> receives sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres like plexus mesentericus superior
o Prevertebral symp. Ganglion mesentericum inferius –> synapse with plexus intermesentericus and nn.splanchnici lumbales
o NO FIBERS OF N.VAGUS
o Paras. Pregg – nn. Splanchnici pelvini
o Secondary plexuses – the descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper part of the rectum
- Plexus intermesentericus
– part of aorticus abdominalis ; b. a. mesenterica superior & inferior
- Plexus Hypogastricus superior
– anterior to bifurcation of aorta
o In front of L5 and promontorium b. a. iliaca communis
o Is continuation of the plexus aorticus abdominal and nn. splanchnic lumbalis , plexus intermesentericus
o NO SECONDARY
o 2 lateral portions; n. hypogastricus and forms next plexus
- Plexus hypogastricus inferior s. pelvicus
– on the sides of rectum
o Paired; continuation of superior in form of n. hypogastricus
o Receives postgg symp. Fibers from the symp. Trunk – nn. Splanchinici sacrales
o Receives pregg paras. Fibers from nuclei paras. Sacrales – nn. Splanchnici pelvini
o Secondary plexuses: rectalis medius & inferior, uterovaginalis, prostaticus, deferentialis, vesicalis, cavernous nerves of clitoris and penis
parasympathetic fibres (from nuclei parasympathici sacrales) via blood vessels ascend to supply colon descendens, colon sigmoideum and upper third of the rectum