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Module 8 > Cranial Nerve Function & Testing > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Function & Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 paired cranial nerves

A
  • I – Olfactory nerve
  • II – Optic nerve
  • III – Oculomotor nerve
  • IV – Trochlear nerve
  • V – Trigeminal
  • VI – Abducent nerve
  • VII – Facial nerve
  • VIII – Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • IX – Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • X Vagus nerve
  • XI – Accessory nerve
  • XII – Hypoglossal nerve
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2
Q

what is the function of CN I

A

olfactory nerve

conscious perception of smell

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3
Q

where do axons of CN I pass from

A

from the cell bodies on the ethmoturbinates through the cribiform plate to the olfactory bulb

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4
Q

what does clinical dysfunction of CN I look like

A

hyposmia or anosmia

difficult to detect

inappentance

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5
Q

how can CN I be clinically evaluated

A

response of animal to aromatic substance while blindfolded

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6
Q

where does the CN II run

A

optic nerve

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7
Q

what does the CN III innervate

A

oculomotor nerve

innervates ipsilateral dorsal, ventral, and medial recti muscles and ventral oblique

efferent arm of the pupillary light reflex

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8
Q

what are the clinical dysfunction of CN III

A

ventrolateral strabismus

dilated unresponsive pupil

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9
Q

how is the CN III evaluated

A

eye position

pupillary light reflex

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10
Q

where does the CN IV innervate

A

contralateral dorsal oblique muscle

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11
Q

what are the clinical dysfunction of CN IV

A

dorsolateral strabismus of contralateral eye

best evaluated by examining fundus

in cats will see altered pupil orientation

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12
Q

what does the CN V innervate

A

sensory innervation of face (cornea, mucosa of nasal septum and oral cavity)

motor innervation of masticatory muscles

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13
Q

what are the 3 branches of CN V

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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14
Q

what are the clinical dysfunction

A

masticatory muscle atrophy

decreased jaw tone

loss of facial sensation

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15
Q

how is the CN V clinically evaluated

A

size and symmetry of muscles

jaw tone

corneal reflex

palpebral reflex

nasal stimulation

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16
Q

what does the CN VI innervate

A

innervates ipsilateral lateral rectus

innervates retractor bulbi

17
Q

what are the clinical dysfunctions of CN VI

A

ipsilateral convergent strabismus

loss of physiological nystagmus

inability to retract eyeball

18
Q

how is CN VI evaluated

A

corneal reflex

assess vestibular ocular reflex

19
Q

what does the CN VII innervate

A

motor function to muscles of facial expression

sensory to rostral 2/3 of tongue

parasympathetic component innervates lacrimal and mandibular and sublingual salivary glands

the facial nerve courses through the middle ear

20
Q

how is CN VII clinical dysfunction acutely identified

A

ipsilateral drooping of ear and lip

absence of blinking

kerratoconjunctivitis sicca if lesion between medulla and middle ear

21
Q

how is CN VII clinical dysfunction chronically identified

A

lip is retracted

22
Q

what is the clinical evaluation of CN VII

A

palpebral reflex (CN V and CN VII)

menace response (CN II and CN VII)

lip pinch (CN V and CN VII)

schirmer tear test

23
Q

what is the function of CN VIII

A

hearing via the cochlear nerve which transmits impulses from organ or Corti to brainstem

vestibular function which adapts position of eye and body with respoect to position and movement of head

vestibular nerve transmits impulses from vestibular apparatus to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem

24
Q

what is the clincal dysfunction of CN VIII

A

head tilt

falling/rolling

nystagmus

strabismus

ataxia

deafness

25
Q

how is CN VIII clinically evaluated

A

evaluation of body and head posture

vestibulo-ocular reflex ‘physiological nystagmus’

BAER test for hearing

26
Q

what are the functions of CN IX and X

A

shared sensory (nucleus solitarius) and motor (nucleus and ambiguous) nuclei

innervates pharynx and palate

parasympathetic component innervates parotid and zygomatic salivary glands

vagus controls motor function of larynx, pharynx and esophagus

parasympathetic component innervates thoracic and abdominal viscera

27
Q

what are the clinical dysfunction

A

dysphagia

absent gag reflex

inspiratory dyspnoea

dysphonia

megaesophagus

28
Q

what are the clinical evaluation of CN IX and X

A

gag/swallow reflex

29
Q

what does CN XI innervate

A

innervation to trapezius and part of sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus muscles

30
Q

what is the clinical dysfunction CN XI

A

deviation of neck

31
Q

what does CN XII innervate

A

innervation to the tongue

32
Q

what is the clinical dysfunction of CN XII

A

atrophy or deviation of tongue

problems with prehension and deglutition

33
Q

how is CN XII clinically evaluated

A

tongue tone

tongue position

Module 8 (43 decks)

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