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funky monkey > Counselling knowledge and application > Flashcards

Counselling knowledge and application Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main skills that comprise active listening

A
  1. Empathic responding
  2. Reflection and summarisation
  3. Questioning
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2
Q

What is empathic responding

A

Accurately idnetifying and reflecting back to clients what they might be feeling to allow clients to understand their own emotional reactions more fully as well as feeling understood and validated by the clinician

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3
Q

What is a check out?

A

Am I hearing you correctly? Is that right?

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4
Q

What is reflection and summarisation

A

Involves reflecting back content by summarising and clarifying the content of what someone is saying

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5
Q

What is the purpose of relfections and summarisations

A

To encourage clients to elaborate on their expereinces, make them feel understood and give them the opportunity to correct the psychologist

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6
Q

What is an open question

A

A question that gives the client to tlka more freely using words like what could how would why

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7
Q

What is a closed question

A

A question that leads to one word answers

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8
Q

What are some ways of monitoring progress

A
  1. Client observation
  2. Outcome measures
  3. Assessment of behaviour, thought and emotional changes
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9
Q

What is the therapeutic relationship

A

The rapport and trust a psychologist builds with their client

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10
Q

What does rogers person centred therapy emphasise

A

The need to be congruent and geniune, empathic, non-judgemental, unconditional positive reagrd, attention, a collaborative relationship, respect

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11
Q

What are some styles you could adopt in therapy

A
  1. Directive
  2. Non-directive
  3. Collaborative
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12
Q

What are the advantages of a collaborative appproach

A

client feels a greater sense of self-efficacy

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13
Q

How can you deal with resistance in therapy

A

Gently discuss and acknowledge resistance and ambivalence

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14
Q

what are the 3 R’s of therapy

A
  1. Resistance
  2. Ruptures
  3. Reenactments
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15
Q

What is a rupture in the therapeutic alliance

A

Misunderstanding or interpersonal conflict between the therapist and client

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16
Q

What is a re-enactment

A

When a client acts out a problem or interaction in therapy that is occuring in their wider life

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17
Q

What is resistance

A

Slowing the rate of change in therapy

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18
Q

Why does resistance occur

A

An indiviual may feel one’s personal freedom is being threatened or they may be amibvalent about being in therapy

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19
Q

What is a case formulation

A

a conceptualisation of what the client’s core difficulties are, how they developed and how these difficulties are being presented and maintained

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20
Q

k

A

k

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21
Q

What is the main purpose of CBT

A

To target irrational or maladaptive cognitive patterns and establish healthy and helpful behavioural patterns

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22
Q

0

A

0

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23
Q

What happens in cognitive therapy

A

The client and practitioner collaborate to examine and challenge automatic thoughts, maladaptive assumptions

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24
Q

What are the 3 levels of cognitive distortions

A
  1. Automatic thoughts
  2. Maladaptive assumptions
  3. Dysfunctional schemas
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25
Q

What takes precednece over insight and understanding in CBT

A

Reducing symptoms

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26
Q

What type of therapeutic relationship is present in CBT

A

Collaborative

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27
Q

What is the underlying assumption of CBT

A

THat cognition influences emotion, behaviour and physical eractions

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28
Q

How does the content of cognition impact emotion and behaviour

A

By impacting the way we interpet ourselves, others and the world

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29
Q

What is the negative triage in cognitive therapy

A

A negative view of self, the world and the future

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30
Q

How does the process of cognition impact emotion and behaviour

A

Cognitive flexibility and being able to switch between processing can be more adaptive. So if you can quickly shift from all or nothing thinking to problem-solving rather than getting stuck in rumination you will feel better and act in a way that is more adaptive

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31
Q

Wha are the 4 general steps of cognitive therapies

A
  1. Create a supportive atmosphere
  2. Use socratic dialogue to draw out beliefs and assumptions and to a more logical conclusion
  3. Client tests their beliefs and assumptions
  4. Guide clients to modify thoughts to more adaptive thoughts
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32
Q

What is the event mood thought record

A

When the client records events along with their moods and thoughts this can then be used to identify automatic thoughts, maladptive assumptions and dysfunctional schemas

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33
Q

How would you challeng catastrophising distortions

A

Explore what if and worst case scenarios

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34
Q

When do emotions become dysfunctional

A

When they interfere with adptation and choosing adaptive behaviour

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35
Q

What are some of the cognitive strategies used to regulate emotions

A
  1. Labelling emotions
  2. Distraction from negative aspects of a situation to more neutral positive aspects
  3. Reappraisal of the meaning of an emotion
  4. problem solving
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36
Q

What are some maladaptive cognitive strategies to manage emotions

A

Rumination and thought suppression

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37
Q

What is a behavioural experiment

A

When a client gathers information which tests the validity of a certain belief or tests a new belief

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38
Q

What are the 5 stages of change

A
  1. Pre-contemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Determination
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
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39
Q

What are some of the techniques of Motivational interviewing

A
  1. Giving advice
  2. Removing barriers
  3. porviding choice
  4. Decreasing desirability
  5. Providing feedback
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40
Q

What are the 3 fundamental components of MI

A
  1. Collaboration
  2. Evocation
  3. Autonomy
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41
Q

What is evocation

A

Drawing out fromthe client the motivation to change and helping the client find their own motivation for change

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42
Q

What is autonomy in MI

A

The client is free to make change or not and are not imposed by the therapist

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43
Q

What are the steps of relapse prevention

A
  1. Identify goals
  2. Identify negative emotions that influence the use of drugs
  3. Identify relationships in life that enable behaviour
  4. Problem solve situation that might lead to relapse
44
Q

What are the 2 approaches of psychoeducation

A
  1. Educating the client about their illness

2. Mastering techniques that can be used to manage the condition

45
Q

What is an advantage of psychoeducation

A

It enables the client to self-treat outside of therapy and live more independently and adaptively

46
Q

What format of psychoeducation encourages compliance and a more sustained effort at managing a condition

A

Family and group formats

47
Q

What increases the efficacy of psychoeducation

A

When the clients family is integrated into treatment

48
Q

What is included in psychoeducation

A

early symptom detection, adaptive skills like lifestyle regularity

49
Q

What illness is psychoeducation particularly useful for

A

psychotic and mood disorders when used with pharmological treatments as well

50
Q

What therapy is assertiveness training included in

A

Psychoeducation

51
Q

What is the basic assumption of behaviour modification

A

Behaviour is controlled by antecedents and consequences, both appropriate and inappropriate behaviour is learned and changing antecedent and consequences will increase or decrease the associated behaviours

52
Q

What is a functional analysis

A

A process of indetifying antecedents and consequences supporting the behaviour to be changed as well as intensity and frequency of the behaviour

53
Q

What is the ABC method of observation

A

Identifyin gnad recording antecedents, behaviour and consequences of the behaviour

54
Q

What are the two main schedules of reinforcment

A

continuous and intermittent

55
Q

What is a continuous reinforcer

A

Somethign that rewards every single production of a target behaviour

56
Q

What is an intermittent schedul of reinforcment

A

Reinforcement of a behaviour after a specific number of occurances

57
Q

When should you use a continuous reinforcer

A

When a new behaviour is being established

58
Q

What is the definition of exposure therapy

A

The modification of a pathological fear structure by providing corrective information incompatible with the fear

59
Q

What is in vivo exposure

A

Systematic and gradual confrontation with real life objects and situation

60
Q

What is imaginal exposure

A

Vividly imagining the feared situation. The client is instructured to close their eyes and imagine the thoughts feelings and sensations experienced in that situation

61
Q

What are the 4 main steps of Exposure treatment

A
  1. Preparation
  2. creating of an exposure hierarchy
  3. initial exposure
  4. Repeated exposure
62
Q

What is a SUDS scale

A

a subjective unit of distress score which ranges from 0 to 100 with 100 meaning creating the greatest level of distress.

63
Q

What is the SUDS scale used for

A

It is used to monitor anxiety levels during gradual exposure. Exposure continues until the SUDS scale lowers significantly

64
Q

When is imaginal exposure most useful

A

Social anxiety, trauma and OCD

65
Q

What is interoceptive exposure

A

When the client deliberately experiences feared phsyical sensations associated with panic like hyperventilating or doing rigurous exercise

66
Q

How does behaviour activation increase client mood?

A

By decreasing rumination as the client has a new focus on the various activities tehy will engag ine

67
Q

What are the 4 steps of behavioural activation

A
  1. Monitor current activities
  2. Develop a list of rewarding activities
  3. Develop a plan to engage in activities
  4. Client completes the activity
68
Q

What is graded task assignment

A

When the therapist assists the client to break a task into smaller tasks and can be particularly useful when a client is too anxious or depressed to begin engaging in a seemingly complex or demanding task

69
Q

What is the difference between skils training and psychoeducation

A

Skills training focuses more on overt behaviour

70
Q

What are some examples of skills training

A

Problem solving, anger management, emotional self-regulation, social interactions, stress management, parenting ability, self-care

71
Q

Is skill straining used in isolation

A

NO it is deployed as part of a wider therapeutic intervention for example training in mindfulness associated with DBT

72
Q

What are some of the skills training used in DBT

A

Mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation

73
Q

What a skills training is used in Anger management

A
  1. Relaxation
  2. Emotional awareness
  3. Alternative coping strategies
74
Q

What are some of the skills involved in parent programs

A
  1. boundary setting
  2. Communication
  3. Emotional self-care
75
Q

What does radical behaviourism note

A

The cause of behaviour is found in the environment

76
Q

What is an alternative cause of behaviour aside from the environment

A

Internal causes like willpower, desire, drive

77
Q

What is self-management

A

A person applies principles of behaviour change to produce a desired behaviour change in themselves

78
Q

What are common areas for self-management?

A

Habit changing, living a healthier lifestyle, accomplishing difficult tasks

79
Q

What should relaxation strategies begin with

A

A discussion of the benefits and drawback as well as the purpose of the strategy - this should lead to a greater buy in

80
Q

What is the purpose of relaxation strategies

A

To provide the client with a rapid reliable and easy to apply means for coping with and moderating anxiety

81
Q

What does PMR start with

A

The lower part of the body moving to the upper body

82
Q

Who is breathing retraining pariticularly useful for

A

Cliens who hyperventilate when anxious

83
Q

What is breathing retraining

A

Clients cup their hands over their mouths and breate into their hands

84
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of psychdynamic theory

A
  1. Conscious and unconscious drives as determinants of psychological state
  2. Client practitioner relationship as a key tehrapeutic facotr
  3. Interpreting patterns of clients expression of emotions and thoughts
85
Q

What is the role of the therapist in psychodynamic therapy

A

interpersonal problems

interpret subconscious motivations

86
Q

How can motivations be detected in psychodynamic therapy

A

Through defensiveness and reistsance, re-occurence of themes and evasive behaviours

87
Q

How does Interpersonal Therapy differ from other types of psychodynamic therapy

A

It focuses more on the client’s psychosocial environment rath than internal expreinces and previous psychosocial environments

88
Q

How does ITP work

A

IT alleviates depression by addressing dysfunctional social conditions in the client’s environment and promoting positive interpersonal relations

89
Q

WHat are teh 3 phases of ITP

A
  1. Evaluation of client environment
  2. Introducing strategies to correct interpersonal problems
  3. Planning for the end of therapy
90
Q

What are some of the mechanisms of psychodynamic approach

A
  1. Goal setting
  2. Reality testing
  3. Confrontation
  4. Empathic validation
91
Q

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A

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92
Q

What are some of the mechanisms of change in IPT

A
  1. Enhancing social support
  2. Decreasing interpersonal stress
  3. Processing emotions
  4. Improving interpersonal skills
93
Q

What is the purpose of family system approaches

A

To improve marital and couple relationships as well as family dynamics as a part of treating psychological disorders as well as ensuring healthy development in children and adolescents

94
Q

What are some of the techniques used in family systems interventions

A

family communication exercises, education about dysfunctional family relationships and how to create a functional family relationship

95
Q

What is ecological approahces

A

THis approach extends on family systemsn and looks at a broader array of influences on the developmental course

96
Q

k

A

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97
Q

What population is the ecological approach specifically useful for

A

Adolescents

98
Q

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A

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99
Q

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A

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100
Q

What is narrative theory

A

That people organise their reality and self concept into personal narratives and that we can work to heal people through working with these narratives and exploring them

101
Q

How are questions used in narrative therapy

A

The therapist uses questions to help generate a new experience through therapy and to help the keep the client as teh central focal point of the therapy process

102
Q

WHat is the main goal of narrative therapy

A

Replace maladaptive narratives with preferred aternatives

103
Q

How can a healthy meaningful narrative be constructed

A

THrough reinforcing preferred alternatives and externalising problematic stories

104
Q

Who is narrative particularly useful for an why

A

Indigenous Australian people because it aligns with the practice of yarning or sharing and handing down information

105
Q

What is a primary goal of solution focused therapy

A

set goals, identify strengths to achieve goals

106
Q

What are some examples of internal and external resources used in solution focused therapy

A

Internal - reading, exercise, meditation, adjusting expectations, humour and journing
external - supportive people in your environment like partners, family, friends and professional connects, crisis line contacts

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