Core study 13- Freud (ID)

Question 1

Background

What is the oedipus complex?

Associated with all young males

Answer 1

1. boy develops unconscious sexual desire for mother
2. envy and jealousy of father- leads to fantasies of getting rid of father to clasp mother’s attention
3. boy develops castration anxiety (fear that father will cut off penis as a punishment)
4. son begans to identify with father and adopts attitudes, tropes and values
5. father becomes role model rather than rival- boy acquired ‘superego’ and male sex role (sexual desires for mother are substituted into sexual desires for other women)

Question 2

Background

What is the iceberg analogy?

Answer 2

The belief that the human mind is like an iceburg- only a small amount is visable (this is our observable behaviour)

The unconscious mind has the most influence of our behaviour

Question 3

Background

In what order do the ego, superego and id reside on the iceburg?

Answer 3

Ego at the top (conscious level and also preconscious level)
Superego in the middle (preconscious level)
Id at the bottom (unconscious level)

Question 4

Background

What three parts does the human psyche possess?

Answer 4

1. Ego
2. Superego
3. Id

Question 5

Background

Where did Freud state that the majority of our personality comes from?

Answer 5

It comes from our unconscious mind- abnormal occurs as a result of an imbalance of the three parts

Question 6

Background

What is the Id?

Answer 6

• The impulsive part of the personality
• Consists of the life instinct and the death instinct
• All impluses should be satisfied regardless of the consequence
• The pleasure principle demands immediate gratification

Like the ‘devil’ on your shoulder

Question 7

Background

What is the Ego?

Answer 7

• Mediates between the irrationals, demands of the Id and real world
• Purpose= problem solving- to devise realistic solutions to the Id’s illogical demands

Like the balance between the ‘angel’ and the ‘devil’

Question 8

Background

What is the Superego?

Answer 8

• Ego has no sense of right or wrong, so the superego develops
• Controls the Id’s demands through the conscience and ideal self, both of which may produce feelings of guilt, byt make us feel good about ourselves

Question 9

Background

What is the unconscious mind?

Answer 9

Area of the mind that can’t be controlled or freely accessed- holds supressed thoughts and feelings

Id and Superego are part of unconscious mind

Unconscious mind is in constant conflict with conscious part (ego), leading to anxiety, which is dealt with by defence mechanisms

Question 10

Background

How is each stage of psychosexual development characterised/ determined?

Answer 10

By fixation on a specific body part in a distinct pattern, and a distinct pattern of relationships to parents

As we age, pleasure comes from different parts of the body

Question 11

Background

How does a person need to move through stages to achieve healthy adult development?

Answer 11

Individuals need to leave/ resolve one stage and move onto the next

Question 12

Background

How does Freud think fixation (result of trauma in a specific stage) occurs in the 5 stages?

Answer 12

Occurs when a stage is incomplete or passed through successfully

The fixated individual will behave in ways that resemble their unsuccessful stage in early childhood

Question 13

Background

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 13

1. Oral stage (0-1)
2. Anal stage (1-3)
3. Phallic stage (3-5)
4. Latent stage (7-11)
5. Genital stage (11+)

https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=freud%27s%20psychosexual%20stages&mid=EAE24618A46EFBE91640EAE24618A46EFBE91640&ajaxhist=0

Question 14

Background- stages of PS development

What are the typical characteristics of the oral stage, what part of the body does it focus on and what adult traits does it create if unsuccessful?

Answer 14

• Focuses on the mouth
• Breastfeeding/ bottle feeding (sucking) and putting objects in mouth
• Adult traits with fixation: addiction (vaping, smoking), manipulative behaviours

Question 15

Background

What are the typical characteristics of the anal stage, what part of the body does it focus on and what adult traits does it create if unsuccessful?

Answer 15

• Focuses on the anus/ bladder
• Potty training, looks at bladder/ bowel movements
• Adult traits with fixation: overcontrol (anally retensive), messy, disorganised (anally explosive)

Question 16

Background

What are the typical characteristics of the phallic stage, what part of the body does it focus on and what adult traits does it create if unsuccessful?

Answer 16

• Focuses on the penis
• Oedipus complex/ electra complex, penis fixation (girls envy them)
• Adult traits with fixation: complications with sexuality/ status within society

Question 17

Background

What are the typical characteristics of the latent stage, what part of the body does it focus on and what adult traits does it create if unsuccessful?

Answer 17

• Focuses on the mind in terms of education
• Superego strenghtens, love of learning develops, new skills
• Adult traits with fixation: No issues, skills developed will be beneficial

Question 18

Background

What are the typical characteristics of the genital stage, what part of the body does it focus on and what adult traits does it create if unsuccessful?

Answer 18

• Focuses on genitals and sex organs
• Resolution of conflict between Id, Ego and Superego
• Adult traits with fixation: Strong superego= compliance to obedience and shame and guilt, strong Id= rebellious, fearless (don’t care about consequences)

Question 19

Case study- Little Hans

Why did Freud think Hans became ‘ill’ (developed a phobia)?

Answer 19

He thought things were going on in Hans’ unconscious mind- he was unaware of this

Question 20

Case study- Little Hans

How did Freud help Hans, after being referred to him by his father?

Answer 20

He helped by interpreting his behaviour and told him why he was thinking and behaing the way he was

Question 21

Case study- Little Hans

Why did Hans’ father refer him to Freud specifically?

Answer 21

Hans’ father was a big fan of Freud’s work

Question 22

Case study- Little Hans

What did Freud say Hans’ fears, dreams and fantasies were symbolic of when documenting his case?

Answer 22

They were symbolic of his unconscious passing through the phallic stage of psychosexuals development

Question 23

Aim

What was the aim of Freud’s study and what did he want to illustrate the existence of?

Answer 23

To give an account of a boy who suffered from a phobia of horses to illustrate the existence of the oedipus complex

Question 24

Participant

Hans is the only participant in the study. What were his characteristics?

Religion, age, location

Answer 24

• Jewish boy
• From Vienna, Austria
• 5 years old at the start of the study

Question 25

# Participant What phobia did Hans suffer from?

Answer 25

A phobia of horses

Question 26

# Method What is a case study?

Answer 26

Gathers detailed data of either one individual or a very small group of people ## Footnote Detailed data was gathered on Little Hans, in relation to his fantasies, fears and phobias

Question 27

# Method What research method was used for this study of Little Hans?

Answer 27

Longitudinal case study

Question 28

# Method How was data gathered? | Who gathered it and how did they gather it, who interpreted it?

Answer 28

Data was gathered by Little Hnas' father by observing and questioing Hans Freud interpreted information and replied with advice on how to proceed

Question 29

# Procedure What did Hans show interest in just before turning 3? ## Footnote Which stage of psychosexual development did this represent?

Answer 29

His 'widdler' (penis) ## Footnote The phallic stage

Question 30

# Procedure How did Hans develop castration anxiety?

Answer 30

His mother threatened to castrate him (cut off his penis) because of his tendancy to masturbate

Question 31

# Procedure Where did Hans and his family live which may have influenced his fear of horses?

Answer 31

They lived opposite a very busy place which had lots of horse-drawn carriages

Question 32

# Procedure What were the two incidents that led Hans to develop a fear of being bitten by white horses? ## Footnote What was his fear generalised to?

Answer 32

1. He overheard a father say to a child "Don't put your finger to the white horse or it will bite you." 2. Seeing a horse that wads pulling a carriage fall down and kick it's legs in the air ## Footnote Carts and buses

Question 33

# Procedure What fantasies was Hans prone to both before and after the devlopment of the phobias?

Answer 33

* The giraffe fantasy * The plumber fantasy * The parenting fantasy

Question 34

# Procedure What is the giraffe fantasy?

Answer 34

* Giraffes involved- 1 big and 1 crumpled * Hans took crumpled giraffe away from big one- this made the big one call out * Hans sat on the crumpled giraffe

Question 35

# Procedure What is the plumber fantasy?

Answer 35

* The plumber took away Hans' behind and 'widdler' with a pair of pliers * He replaced them with bigger ones

Question 36

# Procedure What is the parenting fantasy? ## Footnote How does this relate to the oedipus complex?

Answer 36

* Hans is married to his mother, but Hans' father is now the grandfather ## Footnote He develops unconscious sexual desire for his mother

Question 37

# Results What did Freud consider Hans' fear of horses as?

Answer 37

A subconscious fear of his father: * dark area aroiund horse's mouth represents father's moustache * blinkers that the horse wore represent father's glasses

Question 38

# Results Why was Hans fearful of his father?

Answer 38

He was experiencing the oedipus complex

Question 39

# Results Why was Hans so fascinated by his 'widdler'?

Answer 39

He was experiencing the oedipus complex and phallic stage of psychosexual development

Question 40

# Results What were the results from the giraffe fantasy?

Answer 40

It was a representation of him trying to take his mother away from his father so he could have her for himself

Question 41

# Results What was the plumber fantasy a representation of?

Answer 41

How Hans now identified with his father and the final family fantasy- interpreted as the resolution of the oedipus complex

Question 42

# Results What was the parenting fantasy a representation of?

Answer 42

Hans becoming a father with his mother showed further evidence of the oedipus complex

Question 43

# Conclusions What was concluded about the nature of phobias through Freud's work?

Answer 43

Phobias are a product of unconscious anxiety displaced onto harmless external objects

Question 44

# Conclusions What did the study of Hans provide support for in terms of the oedipus complex?

Answer 44

Boys in the phallic stage of psychosexual development experience the oedipus complex

Question 45

# Conclusions What was his concept of unconscious determinism?

Answer 45

People aren't consciously aware of their behaviours and their causes

Question 46

# Evaluation How could Freud's study be argued as a strength?

Answer 46

* Methodology- longitudinal study * Usefulness- stages of psychosexual development

Question 47

# Evaluation How could Freud's study be argued as a weakness?

Answer 47

* Generalisability- only 1 participant * Demand characteristics- Hans' father collected data