Core Study 12- Lee (D) Flashcards
Background
Why is previous research a limitation?
Nearly all previous research research was conducted with children in Western countries
Ethnocentric
Aim
What was the aim of Lee’s study into evaluations of lying and truth telling?
To investigate cross-cultural differences in children’s understanding and moral valuations of lying.
Sample
How many Chinese children were recruited?
What was their economical status?
120 (mix of genders)
Unknown
Why is the economical status of the Chinese students not valuable in the study?
Chinese culture does not allow for these cultural differentiations- they are all seen as equals
Sample
How many Canadian children were recruited?
What was the economical status of the children?
108 (mix of genders)
Mostly middle-class
Sample
Where were the children recruited from?
Elementary schools in their area
Method
What type of experiment did Lee use?
Lab experiment (but with quasi elements: culture and age)
Method
Whast experimental design did Lee use?
Independent measures design
Design
What IV’s were present in the study?
- Culture (Canadian or Chinese)- quasi
- Age (7,9,11)- quasi
- Social/ Physical story (randomly assigned)
- Prosocial/ antisocial story
Design
What DV’s were present in the study?
- Rating given to the ‘action’/ ‘deed’ in the story
- Rating given to what was ‘said’ (lie/truth)
Design
What controls were present within physical/social and culture/age conditions?
- Prosocial/ truth-telling
- Prosocial/ lie-telling
- Antisocial/ truth-telling
- Antisocial/ lie-telling
Procedure
How did the experimenter present the children with the stories?
He read them 4 short moral stories aloud, all accompanied by an illustration
Procedure
What did the stories typically look like? (e.g. physical/prosocial/lie-telling)
Action:
“Alex decided to tidy up the classroom.”
Question 1:
“Is what Alex did good or naughty?”
Response to action:
Teacher: “Do you know who cleaned the classroom?”
Alex: “I did not do it.”
Question 2:
“Is what Alex did good or naughty?”
Procedure
How were children asked to rate the action and what was said?
With a 7 point likert scale, ranging from ‘very, very good’ to ‘very, very bad’
Procedure
What did the full likert scale look like?
- Very, very good
- Very good
- Good
- Neither good nor bad
- Bad
- Very bad
- Very, very bad
Use 3 stars for very, very bad and 3 x’s for very, very bad
Procedure
How were children told to respond?
Either verbally or by pointing
Procedure
How did testing take place?
Each child was tested individually
Results
How did children rate prosocial behaviours in the prosocial/ truth telling situation?
All children rated prosocial behaviours similarly
Results
How did Canadian and Chinese children differ when rating truth telling in the prosocial/ truth telling situation?
Canadian: each age- gave similar ratings to truth telling
Chinese: ratings became less positive as age increased (SELF-AGGRANDISEMENT- seen as boasting)
Results
How did Canadian children rate lie telling?
Did this change as age increased?
Rated it negatively- as age increased, ratings became less negative
How did the ratings of Chinese children as their age increased?
Changed from negative to positive- (SELF EFFACEMENT- seen as being humble)
How did the ratings of antisocial/ lie/truth telling differ between the cultures
They didn’t- there was no difference
How can moral reasoning be influenced according to Lee’s conclusions?
It can be influenced by our culture and society in which we live
Influence of social-cultural factors grows stronger as we age
What word did Lee use to describe some aspects of moral reasoning, like judging antisocial lying as bad?
Some aspects of moral reasoning may be universal
