COPD

Question 1

COPD pathophysiology

Answer 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-umbrella term
-covers chronic bronchitis and emphysema
-CB caused by hypersecretion of mucus from goblet cells
-emphysema= inner walls of alveoli are damaged causing them eventually to rupture

Question 2

Risk factors COPD

Answer 2

-current/ex smokers
-chronic exposure to airborne irritants eg. exhaust fumes etc.
-can follow episodes of acute bronchitis
-genetic deficiency in lung of alpha-1 antitrypsin

Question 3

Risk factors of acute exacerbation of COPD
AECOPD

Answer 3

-infection
-pollutants

Question 4

AECOPD signs and symptoms

Answer 4

-dyspnoea, particularly on exertion
-hypoxia
-tachypnoea
-increased sputum
-increased cough/ wheeze
-chest tightness

Question 5

Signs symptoms of severe AECOPD

Answer 5

-marked dyspnoea
-marked tachypnoea
-pursed lip breathing
-use accessory muscles
-confusion
-new onset cyanosis
-new onset peripheral oedema

Question 6

AECOPD treatment

Answer 6

Time critical
-correct problems with CABCDE
-then transfer
Not time critical
-follow treatment plan if available
-if no treatment plan give salbutamol, hydrocortisone, oxygen (similar to asthma)