Control in the human body + hormones (B1. 2.2 Control in human body) Flashcards
What are internal conditions that are controlled/be kept withing very small limits?
water content
ion content
temperature
blood sugar level
How does water leave the body?
Via lungs
breathe out
Via skin
sweat
cool us down
Excess water
via kidneys
urine
How are ions lost from the body?
Via skin, sweat
Excess
Via the kidneys, in urine
Why does body temperature need to be kept constant?
To maintain temperatures at which enzymes work best.
What are hormones + role?
Chemical substances secreted by glands
many processes within body coordinated by hormones
regulate functions of many organs + cells
What do hormones involved in the menstrual cycle control?
Monthly release
an egg
ovaries
Changes
thickness
lining of her womb
What are hormones controlling by the menstrual cycle secreted by?
Pituitary gland
the ovaries
Why does blood sugar levels need to be controlled?
To provide cells
constant supply of energy
Where are hormones produced?
Secreted by glands
How do hormones travel around the body?
Transported to target organs
Bloodstream
What are hormones involved in promoting the release of an egg?
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinising hormone)
oestrogen
Where is FSH secreted by?
Pituitary gland
Roles of FSH
causes eggs mature
ovaries
stimulates ovaries
produce hormones
including oestrogen
Role of LH
stimulates release of eggs from ovary
Where is oestrogen secreted by and what is its role?
Ovaries
Inhibits further production of FSH
What do the uses of hormones in controlling fertility include?
oral contraceptives
hormones inhibit FSH production
no eggs mature
FSH + LH in “fertility drug”
whose own level of FSH too low
stimulate eggs to mature
eg: IVF
What do oral contraceptives contain and why?
Oestrogen
progesterone
inhibit egg maturation
Difference between the first birth-control pills + birth-control pills now
Effects
First
large amounts of oestrogen
significant side effects
much lower dose of oestrogen
OR progesterone only
progesterone only
fewer side effects
What happens in IVF?
Giving mother FSH + LH stimulate maturation of several eggs eggs, collected from mom fertilised by sprerm from father fertilised eggs --> embryos stage, tiny balls of cells one/two embryos inserted into mother's uterus (womb)
