Control in the human body + hormones (B1. 2.2 Control in human body)

Question 1

What are internal conditions that are controlled/be kept withing very small limits?

Answer 1

water content
ion content
temperature
blood sugar level

Question 2

How does water leave the body?

Answer 2

Via lungs
breathe out

Via skin
sweat
cool us down

Excess water
via kidneys
urine

Question 3

How are ions lost from the body?

Answer 3

Via skin, sweat

Excess
Via the kidneys, in urine

Question 4

Why does body temperature need to be kept constant?

Answer 4

To maintain temperatures at which enzymes work best.

Question 5

What are hormones + role?

Answer 5

Chemical substances secreted by glands

many processes within body coordinated by hormones

regulate functions of many organs + cells

Question 6

What do hormones involved in the menstrual cycle control?

Answer 6

Monthly release
an egg
ovaries

Changes
thickness
lining of her womb

Question 7

What are hormones controlling by the menstrual cycle secreted by?

Answer 7

Pituitary gland

the ovaries

Question 8

Why does blood sugar levels need to be controlled?

Answer 8

To provide cells

constant supply of energy

Question 9

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 9

Secreted by glands

Question 10

How do hormones travel around the body?

Answer 10

Transported to target organs

Bloodstream

Question 11

What are hormones involved in promoting the release of an egg?

Answer 11

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

LH (luteinising hormone)

oestrogen

Question 12

Where is FSH secreted by?

Answer 12

Pituitary gland

Question 13

Roles of FSH

Answer 13

causes eggs mature
ovaries

stimulates ovaries
produce hormones
including oestrogen

Question 14

Role of LH

Answer 14

stimulates release of eggs from ovary

Question 15

Where is oestrogen secreted by and what is its role?

Answer 15

Ovaries

Inhibits further production of FSH

Question 16

What do the uses of hormones in controlling fertility include?

Answer 16

oral contraceptives
hormones inhibit FSH production
no eggs mature

FSH + LH in “fertility drug”
whose own level of FSH too low
stimulate eggs to mature
eg: IVF

Question 17

What do oral contraceptives contain and why?

Answer 17

Oestrogen
progesterone
inhibit egg maturation

Question 18

Difference between the first birth-control pills + birth-control pills now

Effects

Answer 18

First
large amounts of oestrogen
significant side effects

much lower dose of oestrogen
OR progesterone only

progesterone only
fewer side effects

Question 19

What happens in IVF?

Answer 19

Giving mother FSH + LH 
stimulate maturation of several eggs 
eggs, collected from mom 
fertilised by sprerm from father 
fertilised eggs --> embryos 
stage, tiny balls of cells 
one/two embryos inserted 
into mother's uterus (womb)