Continuous upregulation of HSPs in larvae, not adults of a polar insect.

Question 1

The antartic midge - Belgica antartica is a …

Answer 1

dipteran

• also largest free living organism that inhabits antartic all year round
• has 4 larval instars

Question 2

holometabolus is complete ..

Answer 2

metamorphosis

-egg, larva, pupa, imago

Question 3

midge has 2 year life cycle, with .. weeks as an adult

Answer 3

2

- experiences temperatures +25C summer substrate and -5 average in air

Question 4

midge is highly freeze tolerant yet can survive extreme …, losing up to .. of its moisture

Answer 4

desiccation, 70%

Question 5

adult midmges are .. heat tolerant`

Answer 5

less

Question 6

4C adults .. express HSP, while ..C + larvae don’t

Answer 6

don’t, 30C

• since larvae die they can’t expresss it
• larvae contstitutively express

Question 7

Hsps work by reducing protein ..

Answer 7

aggregates

Question 8

Larvae constitutively upregulate HSPs, regardless of ..

Answer 8

stress

Question 9

Adult midges … HSPs as their method of upregulation

Answer 9

thermoactivate

Question 10

Expression to prior higher temperatures .. larvae survival at 30C

Answer 10

reduce

Question 11

Adults survival increases in preexposure of ..C while there’s little imapct at ..C compared to 4C

Answer 11

25C, 20C

Question 12

smHSP, hsp70, hsp90 are expressed at high levels in .. regardless of stress

Answer 12

larvae

-protein aggregation at 35C under significant stress shows HSP not being maintained

Question 13

Penguin Guano is an area of high stress due to its .. pH

Answer 13

high