Animal Physiology - Lecture 12

Question 1

radiation is heat exchange .. contact, resulting in .. total heat loss

Answer 1

without, 60%

Question 2

conduction is heat exchangeg .. contact, resulting in .. total heat loss

Answer 2

with, 3%

Question 3

convection is the movement of ../.. across body surface, resulting in .. total heat loss

Answer 3

air/fluid, 15%

Question 4

evaporation is the movement of .. from body surface, resulting in ..% total heat loss

Answer 4

water, 22%

Question 5

larger animals have .. SA:V so lose heat .. quickly

Answer 5

smaller, less

Question 6

ectotherms and polikotherm body temperature .. with the environment, they confrom to it

Answer 6

fluctuates

-may still regulate temperature using physiological processes like shivering

Question 7

endotherms/homeotherms .. their body temperature, deriving their heat from metabolism

Answer 7

regulate

-may still regulate temperature behaviourally

Question 8

ectotherm metabolic rate is x.. slower than endotherms

due to this they can more easily … dry/poor environments

Answer 8

x5, colonise

• they consume less energy, food and water
• can devote more energy to reproduction

Question 9

ectotherms don’t have … environmental niches and their energy is in bursts, leaving them vulnerable to endotherm … predators

Answer 9

nocturnal
sustained
-anaerobic respiration causes rapid fatigue in ectotherms
-ectotherm predators are typically ambush

Question 10

endotherms can more easily exploit .. environments and forage/move over more sustained, … distances

Answer 10

colder, longer

Question 11

thermal neutral zone is the zone in which an organism does .. need to expend energy to maintain body temperature

Answer 11

not

Question 12

vasoconstriction is the constriction of blood vessels, … heat loss

Answer 12

reducing

-moves blood away from skin, heat trapped in body ocre

Question 13

shivering increases heat production by ..

Answer 13

500%

Question 14

adrenaline.. heart rate

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

thyroxine .. basal metabolic rate

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

brown adipose tissue is broken to .. only

Answer 16

heat

Question 17

countercurrent heat exchange allows blood flowing towards the heart to .. up as it passes .. .. flowing in the arterys

Answer 17

warm, warm blood

-bird legs, dolphin fins etc.

Question 18

blubber is a thick layer of vascularised .. tissue

Answer 18

adipose

-low thermal conductivity of skin and has low metabolic actvitiy

Question 19

fur/hair/feathers reduce convection by trapping a layer of warm air close to the … …

Answer 19

skins surface

-this effect doesnt work in water

Question 20

in vasodilation, blood vessels increase in diameter so more heat is … through ..

Answer 20

heat, radiation

Question 21

panting works via … of moisture

Answer 21

evaporation

-exchanging hot air in lung with cooler air

Question 22

birds .. have sweat glands

their gular flutter works to .. evaporation and urohidrosis increases evaporative cooling by ..

Answer 22

don’t

increase, defecation