Animal Physiology - Lecture 2 Flashcards
Unlike mitosis, chromosomes in meiosis undergo … and meiosis II results in .. gametes
recombination, haploid
sperm and ova are produced in the .
gonads
-specialised organs
seminiferous tubules in the human testes produce ..
sperm
the epididymis in humans acts as a site for sperm ..
storage
the Vas deferns transfers sperm to the …
penis
in humans, seminal fluids are collected at the .. and the .. ..
prostate
seminal vesicle
seminal fluids in drosophila are collected .. ..
ejaculatory duct
spermatogenesis in Drosophilla occurs in the .. at the end of the testes
hub
Primary spermatocyte 2n -> x2 secondary … 2n -> x4 …. n -> … n.
spermatocyte
spermatids
sperm
-x2, x4 etc. relative the the initial one spermatocyte
- spermatogonial cells refer to sperm-type cells
- this type of division is evolutionarily conserved
One diploid cell -> … haploid sperm.
4.
Spermatogenesis begins in the … stage of Drosophila, producing
larval
10,000
Spermatogenesis begins at .. for humans, producing .. .. sperm per day.
Puberty
300 million
What is the shape of Drosophila testes are .. and ..
Long and tubular
house mouse sperm has a .. end and travel in ..
hooked, packs
sperm gigantism is very .. sperm relative to the size of the organism
Drosophila bifurca is ..mm in length while its sperm is ..mm
large
3,60
Sperm heteromorphism refers to one ejaculate having two sperm of .. sizes
Drosophila aphynis has .. fertile sperm and .. infertile sperm
different
long, short
-Short sperm there to fill up space, blocking sperm from other males coming in
oogenic meiosis differs from spermatogeneic as the placement of the … plate is different, so the division of nutrients between dividing cells is unballanced.
metaphase
the follicile in oogensis contains an … which lasts .. weeks before rupturing
ovum, two
after the human follicle ruptures, the … … forms around the empty follicle
eventually the follicle then regresses and is …
Corpus luteum
reabsorbed
a human female starts with …. follicles
400,000
drosophilla take a few .. to lay eggs and they lay about ..
days, ~100
the only insect which goes through pregnancy and births live young is the … ..
Madagascan Hawkmoth
GnRH is released from the …
It causes … and … to be released from the .. … cells
hypothalamus,
FSH, LH, anterior pituitary cells.
LH stimulates .. cells to secrete testosterone which stimulates spermatogenesis
In Oogenesis LH stimulates follicle … and the release of the .. at ovulation
Leydig cells
maturation, ova
FSH stimulates … cells which alongside … facilitate sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.
FSH in Oogenesis stimulates follicle … and production of …
Stertoli cells, testosterone
growth, oestrogen
Oestrogen enhances follicle .. and grows the …
growth, endometrium
Progresterone grows and maintains the … during pregnancy, stimulating nutrient secretion on a .. day cycle
endometrium, 28
if fertilised, embryonic placental cells secrete .. … which rescues the .. … and maintains its function
Chorionic gonadotrophin, corpus luteum
the birth control pill contains a small amount of .. and ..
these inhibit the bodies natural cyclical hormones, preventing pregnancy
oestrogen, progesterin
seminiferous tubules in insects .. sperm
store
the endometrium is the .. layer of the uterus
inner
the corpus luteum secretes … which prepares the body for pregnancy
when fertilised … is vital for establishing the placenta, the placenta itself then takes the role of secreting ..
progesterin, progesterin, progestrin
