Animal Physiolgy - Lecture 14

Question 1

Nitrogenous waste is generated by the breakdown of .. and ..

Answer 1

proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

Ammonia is excreted in aquatic .., .. and bony ..

it’s .. toxic, .. soluble

Answer 2

amphibians, invertebrates, fishes

very, highly

• small molecule that difuses rapidly
• requires lots of water

Question 3

Urea excreted by …, most .. and .. fish
it’s produced in the .. from .. and ..

it’s x…. less toxic than ammonia and requires less water, but .. energy

Answer 3

mammals, amphibains, cartilaginous
liver, ammonia, carbon dioxide

x1000, more

Question 4

Uric acid is excreted by …, .., .. and some ..

it’s insoluble, .. toxic than urea, excreted as semi-…

but require x.. e nergy as urea

Answer 4

reptiles, insects, birds, some
less,solid
3x
-very useful in eggs

Question 5

tadpoles excrete .. while adult frogs excrete ..

Answer 5

ammonia, urea

Question 6

terrestrial turtles excrete .. .. while aquatic .. and ..

Answer 6

uric acid, urea, ammonia

Question 7

west african lungfish excrete .. in water, and .. on land

Answer 7

ammonia, urea

Question 8

protazoa use a .. vacuole for excretion

Answer 8

contractile

Question 9

annelids, molluscs and platyhelminths use … for excretion

Answer 9

nephridia

Question 10

insects use … tubules for waste excretion

Answer 10

malpighian

Question 11

vertebrates use … for excretion

fish use … and seabirds .. glands

Answer 11

kidneys

gills, salt

Question 12

insects excrete uric acid to … water, as they have a large SA:V ratio

Answer 12

conserve

Question 13

malphigian tubules are .. ended, .. cell thick anda between the ..gut and ..gut

they float in ..

Answer 13

blind, one
mid, hind
haemolymph

-coccids have 2 while desert locusts have 250 malphigian tubules

Question 14

in malphigian tubules, .. and .. waste are actively transported into the gut lumen, with water following via ..

they’re reabsorbed from the rectum and uric acid is elimiated as nearly dry matter

Answer 14

salts, nitrogenous
osmosis
-effectiveness of water conservation key in insecta success

Question 15

ultrafiltration occurs in the .. cortex

Answer 15

renal

-glomerulus forces fluid into lumen of Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

the renal medulla regulates .. and ..in blodo

Answer 16

water, salt

Question 17

the nephron is a single long tubule, which has a network of ..

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

filtrate and blood osmolarity is ..

Answer 18

300

Question 19

In the proximal tubule .. and .. are reabsorbed

Answer 19

water, salt

Question 20

water leaves the filtrate in the .. limb of loop of Henle

Answer 20

descending

-increases osmolarity

Question 21

salt leaves the filtrate in the .. limb of Loop of Henle

Answer 21

ascending

-decreases osmolarity

Question 22

distal tubule regulates .., .. and water

Answer 22

salt, pH

Question 23

countercurrent multiplier system set tby the loops of ..

Answer 23

Henle