Animal Physiology - Lecture 15

Question 1

if it’s too cold proteins get .., ice forms and tissues die

Answer 1

denatured

Question 2

if it’s too hot proteins get .., dehydration and death may also occur

Answer 2

denatured

Question 3

thermal tolerance is the capacity to .. environmental conditions without .. reactions

Answer 3

endure, adverse

Question 4

heatshock proteins are molecular … and limit damage from .. stress
they promote proper protein .. and aid in the dissembly of protein ..

Answer 4

chaperones, heat
folding
aggregations
- in all major compartments of cells

Question 5

heatshock proteins also help with the … function

Answer 5

immune

-presenting antigens to T cells

Question 6

hsps cause increased .. and slower ..

Answer 6

mortality, development

Question 7

subzero temperatures can cause pointy ice crystals, which may pierce the cell ..

Answer 7

membrane

-if external fluid freezes the solute concentration increases too

Question 8

freeze avoidance avoids freezing by keeping bodily fluids ..

for example, a .. hibernation site, a ..-coated cuticle

or supercooling, which removes icenucelating agents, preventing freezing down as low as ..C

Answer 8

liquid
dry, wax, -42C

-but this can result in rapid freezing

Question 9

Cryoprotectant syntehsis can increase .. concentration and .. freezing point

additionally, ice structurating proteins can inhibit .. of ice

Answer 9

increase, decrease,growth

-initiates freezing at high temperatures, to prevent supercooling good for arvoiding sudden total freeze if deliberately produce ice nucleating protiens

Question 10

The Arctic wooly bear moth can withstand ..C during diapause from … accumulation

Answer 10

• 70, cryoprotectant

- forms a hiernaculum to eliminate nucleators.

Question 11

Goldenrod gall moth larvae supercooling drops from -14 to -38 during ..

Answer 11

autumn

decreasing water and glycerol content

Question 12

the wood frog super cools to -3, and survives weeks at -…C with ..% of its total body water frozen as ice

Answer 12

• 8C, 48%

- not anticipatory

Question 13

Red bark beetle larvae can survive …C, the high concentrations of .. deliberately dehydrate tissues to concentrate ice structuring proteins

Answer 13

glycerol

Question 14

the snowflea syntehsises … proteins

Answer 14

antifreeze/ice structuring

- remember these prevent egrowth ofi ce