Animal Physiology - Lecture 1

Question 1

Fragmentation, binary fission, budding and parthenogenesis are examples of … reproduction

Answer 1

asexual

Question 2

Sea anemones reproduce via ..

Answer 2

Budding.

Question 3

Strawberries reproduce asexually using …

OR they reproduce sexually via .. or ..

Answer 3

runners

seeds, flowers

Question 4

.. is when a specialised mass grows and ‘buds’ off as its own organism.

Answer 4

Budding

Question 5

… is when an unfertilised egg develops into offspring.

Answer 5

Parthenogenesis

-Happens in some fish and reptiles.

Question 6

mammals can’t reproduce asexually as for offspring ot be produced an .. and .. must fuse

Answer 6

egg, sperm

Question 7

A … stress environment tends to lead to asexual reproduction.

A … stress environment tends to lead to sexual reproduction.

Answer 7

low
high

• as variance means a higher chance of survival.

Question 8

sexual reproduction originated …

Answer 8

1500-2000ma

Question 9

asexual reproduction originated with the beginning of life, …ma

Answer 9

3800ma

Question 10

meiosis is useful as … and … can remove deleterious mutations while retaining more efficient genes

Answer 10

recombination, segregation

Question 11

….., … and … are the three fundamental process of sexual reproduciton

Answer 11

Gametogenesis.

Mating.

Fertilisation.

Question 12

… … is when egg and sperm are released into an aquatic environment and fuse externally.

Answer 12

Broadcast spawning

• It’s is popular with sessile animals. Also happens in fish and amphibians.

Question 13

Broadcast spawning has three core issues:

Lots of gametes must be released for the chance of .. reaching the …

.. may occur

Delivery is relatively …

Answer 13

sperm, eggs

predation

uncontrolled

Question 14

snails sexually reproduce via …-… acting as both sexes

Answer 14

cross-fertilisation

-internal process

Question 15

A cloaca is the only ‘opening’ in some species, serving as the point for …. and …. products.

Answer 15

excretory, genital

Question 16

The Springtail ‘Sminthurus viridis’ reproduces via crafting a … ‘stock’, which is pressed against a substrate and secreted out

Answer 16

spermatophore

Question 17

The Springtail ‘Allacma gallica’ reproduces by depositing a few … and directing a female … them.

This prevents other males .. the spermatophore

Answer 17

spermatophore
towards
eating

Question 18

Male Blanket octopus are … in size while females can be as large as ..

Answer 18

1mm

2m

Question 19

Blanket octopus mate by detaching a …, a mating .. that enters the female ..

Answer 19

hectocotylus
arm
alone

Question 20

Callosobruchus have a spiny .., which .. the female reproductive tract during copulation.

This adaptation seems to only favour … as the .. fights back

Answer 20

penis, lacerates

male, female

Question 21

Traumatic insemination is an occurrence in which the female has no … …, so the male … her with a ‘hypodermic needle’-like penis.

Answer 21

genital opening

pierces

Question 22

In sexual cannibalism the … kills and eats its mate during or after copulation.

Suggested adaptation towards males, to … copulation.

Or for females to prevent a specific paternal … within the population

Answer 22

female

prolong

dominance

Question 23

Copperhead snakes and komodo dragon offspring can be produced via ..

Answer 23

parthenogenesis

Question 24

Sponges can reproduce via ..

Answer 24

fragmentation

Question 25

Female wasps can produce offspring with … eggs

Answer 25

unfertilised

Question 26

The bdelloid rotifer is exclusively ..

Answer 26

Asexual

Question 27

giant clam uses … spawning

Answer 27

broadcast

Question 28

hermaphroditism is prevalent in tunicates, … and slugs

Answer 28

snails

• also majority of plants
• pays to be male during sexual reproduction when possible