Animal Physiology - Lecture 13

Question 1

Smaller particles move at a .. rate

Answer 1

faster

Question 2

A greater concentration gradient results in … movement

Answer 2

faster

Question 3

Osmolarity is a measure of .. .. exerted by a .. across a perfect semi-permeable membrane compared to pure water

Answer 3

osmotic pressure, membrane
-#particles/molecule of solute x moles/ per litre
Osm/L

Question 4

1 mole of glucose = … Osm/L

Answer 4

1

Question 5

1 mole of NaCl = .. Osm/L

Answer 5

2

-Dissociates into Na+Cl-

Question 6

The cell is hyperosmotic to the extracellular fluid, so water … the cell

Answer 6

enters

Question 7

Tonicity is the effect of a solution on cell …

Answer 7

volume

-depends on solutes and membrane permeability

Question 8

osmoregulators … their osmolarity in different environments

.. the environment

Answer 8

regulate, matching

-limited osmoregulation may also occur, where osmolarity changes yet oesn’t match envrionment

Question 9

osmoconformers … … their osmolarity in different environments

Answer 9

don’t regulate

Question 10

marine teleosts are ..-… to the environment, resulting in … salt concentration

Answer 10

hypo-osmotic
high
- they actively extrude CL-, NA+, release salt concentrated urine

Question 11

Freshwater teleosts are .. to the environment

Answer 11

hyperosmotic

-low salt concentration

Question 12

hyperosmotic solutions have more .. than the external fluid

Answer 12

solutes

Question 13

hypoosmotic solutions have more .. than the external fluid

Answer 13

water

-less solutes