Consent and Coercion

Question 1

What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of informed consent?

Answer 1

1. adequate information (understanding what you’re getting yourself into) 2. agreement to participate in light of that information

Question 2

What are the core components of informed consent?

Answer 2

1. competence to make a decision 2. full disclosure of the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes for options 3. understanding by the decision maker 4. voluntary decision to proceed. often 1 2 and 3 are difficult to determine.

Question 3

What is deferred (retroactive) consent?

Answer 3

provided after the fact. often not meaningful bc later self can be different than earlier self.

Question 4

What is tacit/implied consent?

Answer 4

weak morally and in research ethics. silent/passive, consent by omission. lack of objections interpreted without conformation. merely an assumption, so not clear verbal consent.

Question 5

What is express consent?

Answer 5

consent given directly in writing or verbally. required in most research studies. golden standard.

Question 6

What is assent?

Answer 6

agreement of someone not able to give legal consent to participate. but at what age is a person mature enough to consent on their own behalf.

Question 7

When and where are we talking about consent?

Answer 7

animal experimentation, pay or be tracked consent models, age to participate in events, consent during labour, advanced consent for MAID, children as research subjects, sharing of intimate images, posting childrens photos online.

Question 8

What is competence?

Answer 8

ppl experiencing a threshold of suffering and pain or under the influence of drugs or alc are not considered to have a capacity to make competent and informed decisions. ppl under duress or undue pressure cannot act autonomously and therefore cannot provide IC. under pressure= coercion

Question 9

What is coercion?

Answer 9

involves limiting ppl ability to choose for themselves by use of force, fear, intimidation, or threats.

Question 10

What is guardians preserving options?

Answer 10

guardians fear of children falling behind if dont do all things involved in one activity. but excessive time pursuing an activity as a child can lead not only to burnout, but limit future options.

Question 11

What does the prisoners dilemma look at?

Answer 11

specialization vs sampling. so if all guardians chose to refrain form the early pursuit of excellence through specialization, all children would be better off

Question 12

What are the different kinds of consent in combat sports?

Answer 12

1. overtly communicating consent - written affirmations and verbal negotiations 2. subtly communicating consent - gestures, rituals and implicit communication 3. assuming consent - inferences and normative expectations (presence indicates consent) 4. deferring consent - leaving it up to others

Question 13

What is libertarianism?

Answer 13

political philosophy emphasizing liberty freedom of action and freedom of expression. maximize individual liberty, minimize gov control

Question 14

What are rights and privileges?

Answer 14

some rights are determined by law (age for alc consumption), some rights are conditional (free speech balanced with freedom from discrim), some rights can become limited or restricted (enforcement of curfews)

Question 15

What is civil disobedience?

Answer 15

refusal to obey laws that are unjust. open public and nonviolent. intention is not to gain advantage for self but fro marginalized groups.