Congenital Anomalies Of The Kidney

Question 1

What is the embryological origin of kidney development?

Answer 1

Pronephros: day 22 of gestation
Mesonephros: end of 4th week, producea urine from 6 to 10 weeks
Metanephros(definite kidney): 5th week
Starts functioning 4 weeks later

Question 2

What is the most common cause of all birth defects?

Answer 2

Congenital anomalies of kidney and Urinary Tract

Question 3

What are the characteristics of bradet biedl syndrome?

Answer 3

Obesity
Intellectual disability
Hypogonadism
Polydactily
Retinitis pigmentosa
CAKUT

Question 4

What is potter syndrome?

Answer 4

Bilateral renal agenesis (fatal)

Question 5

Investigations of Bardet Biedl syndrome

Answer 5

. Antenatal US
• Voiding Cystourethrograms VCUG and
• Nuclear medicine scans(DMSA SCAN)

Question 6

What is the complication of posteriour urethral valve

Answer 6

Hydronephrosis

Question 7

‘Bunches of grapes’ appearance in a renal US denotes…….

Answer 7

Multicystic dysplastic kidneys

Question 8

Gold standars of diagnosis of posteriour urethral valve

Answer 8

Voiding Cystourethrogram

Question 9

Management of CKD in CAKUT

Answer 9

ACE inhibitors (nephroprotection)
• Avoidance of NSAIDs, Aminoglycosides
• Dietary Management
• Obesity
• Protein restriction
• Monitor :Hypertension, Microalbuminuria