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IB History SL > condensed essay plans final p2 > Flashcards

condensed essay plans final p2 Flashcards

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1
Q

economic causes sv

A

land reforms/rural unrest
workers conditions/natural resources
socio economic divide

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2
Q

land reforms/rural unrest s

A

latifundia
1930: 46% of spanish pop directly involved in agriculture
by 1919 freq episodes of unrest

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3
Q

land reforms v

A

move to collective farming
by end of 1956, over 265,000 hectares ofland had been redistributed
initiated 1935 by HCM
cadres role to identify landlords
50,000 executed

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4
Q

land reforms v

A

move to collective farming
by end of 1956, over 265,000 hectares ofland had been redistributed
initiated 1935 by HCM
cadres role to identify landlords
50,000 executed

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5
Q

workers condiitons/natural resources s

A

trade unions formed
long hours, poor housing, little warfare provision
1931 wage cuts
rise in membership to FNTT
over 1,000,000 in 1932

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6
Q

workers conditions/natural resources v

A

lots of rubber in s.v. four times as much between 1960 and 1970
inequality
in ww2, japan invaded causing a famine leading to 200,000 dead vietnamese
impovrished peassants in south supported the land reforms and didnt like htem ( wanted to improve evon and stick to trad way of life)

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7
Q

socio economic divide s

A

industry limited in 19thC and 20thC and mostly in north and catlonia
workers faced low wages, long hours, poor housing and little warfare proviison.
centres of industrial develo[ment in the economically dynamic north
rest of country dependent on feudalistic agricultural system where the peasants in the south lived under miserable coniditons as they worked on the vast estates of the rich

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8
Q

econ causes ww

A

alliances, rivalries, trade agreements, imbalances
militarism
economic depression

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9
Q

alliances rivalries, trade agreements/imbalances ww1

A

1914: gb least amount of military and naval personnel. russia: 1,352,000 germany: 891000
agricultural depression: falling prices, increase in competition from overseas markets and declining soil fertility
imbalances in flow of good and capital between countries which destabilised european economy
some countries had defiticts, others had surplus’.

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10
Q

alliances, rivalries, trade agreements, imbalances ww2

A

resources
japan v limited, dependent on exports of oil, iron, rubber to fuel industrialization and military expansion
sought to acquire more via SE Asia, and the pacific, which it brought into conflict with other powers like gb, us
econ sanctions on japan such as oil embargo

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11
Q

militarism ww1

A

uneven econ dev
arms race: gb had 19 dreadnoughts, germany had 13
alliances,
fear of germany encouraged france and russia to ally in 1894
germany cloesr to ah
triple entente: gb, fr, r
triple alliance: g, i, ah

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12
Q

militarism ww2

A

japans aggressive expansion
desire for territorial and economic nationalism
embrace of militarism and nationalism
aggressive foreign policy
greater e.a. co prosperity sphere 1940
exclude western powers
comp with us

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13
Q

economic depressions ww1

A

national debt of germany trying to expand as territory
rapid industrialisation to over industrialisation to economic recession and unemployment
uneven economic development. germany growing and russia struggling to keep up militarily

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14
Q

econ depression ww2

A

sought to acquire new territories and resources to fuel its struggling econ
from 1929-31, agricultural prices fell 40%
rural impovrishment
people disappointed with party govs and became more militarist and right wing

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15
Q

idealogical causes ww

A

economically
militarism
alliances and rivalries

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16
Q

economically idealogical cause ww1

A

national debt of eg germany when trying to expand its territory
rapid industrialisation to over industrialisation to econ recession and unemployment

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17
Q

economically idealogical cause ww2

A

econ dep. sought to acquire new territories and resources to fuel its struggling economy
from 1929-31, agricultural prices fell 40%
rural impovrishment
people disappointed with party govs and become more militarist na dmore right wing

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18
Q

idealogical causes ww

A

nationalism and isolationism and germany bitter about TOV
militarism

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19
Q

nationalism and isolationism and germany bitter about tov s

A

latifundia
1930: 46% of spanish pop in agriculture
1919: freq episodes of unrest
trade unions with cnt and ugt
long hours, poor housing little welfare provision
1931 wage cuts
rise in membership to fntt

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20
Q

territorial causes sv

A

catalonia and basque independence and vietnam independence from french colonialists
political and social divide
land reforms

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21
Q

catalonia and basque independence and vietnam independence from french colonialists s

A

industry limited in 19th and 20th c and mostly in north and catalonia
workers faced low wages, long hours, poor housing
centres of industrial dev
rest of country dpeendent on feudalistic agricultural system where the peasants in the south lived under miserable conditons as they worked on the vast estates of the rich

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22
Q

vietnam independence from french colinialists

A

north comm
south cap
french since 1874
taking rice/rubber back to their countries

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23
Q

political and social divide s

A

fasicsm vs socialism
pop front want church and land reform, gains vote
nat and army want trad power systems
psoe grew in latae 19thC
post 1917, a small comm part emerged
army, church and monarchists supported the conservatives and the fascists
poor, the repuvlicans, reformers, proletariat, peasantry and minorities

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24
Q

political and social divide v

A

forced wersternisation angered viet nationlaist
snorth, more econ growth tna dev. ussr and china
sourth, characteristed by corruption, nepotism, repression. widespread dissatisfaction
us and other nations (domino theory)
geneva accords 1954, put north under communist control
much more diverse in the south some catholis, with the north all buddhists

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25
Q

land reforms in s

A

huge estates owned by latifundia/grandees in politics
1930: 46% of spanish pop directly involved in agriculture.
by 1919, frequent episodes of unrest

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26
Q

land reforms v

A

move to collective farming
by end of 1956, over 360,000 hectares of land had been redistributed
initated 1935 by HCM
cadres role to identify landlords
50,000 executed

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27
Q

short term causes ww

A

franz ferdinand and pearl harbour
mobilisation (naval race and jap expansion)
diplomatic failures

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28
Q

franz ferdinand ww1

A

28th june 1914
gavrilo princeps
germany backed AH
rusisa backed serbia

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29
Q

pearl harbour ww2

A

dec 7th 1941
2400 americans killed
damaging numerous ships and airplanes

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30
Q

diplomatic failures ww1

A

ultimateum of serbia
no serb nationalist organisations
thought a quick war was possible
system of alliances
mobilisation plans were hard to back down on

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31
Q

diplomatic failures ww2

A

econ sanctions (oil embargo on japan from us) 1941
tripartite pact 1940
hull note: japan refused to withdraw from china and renew alliance with germany and italy

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32
Q

practices of war

A

air
land
sea

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33
Q

air ww1

A

aircraft inc zeppelin, had easy manouevrability and firepower
interruptor gear
machine guns, fired from plane
tearing gas, asphyxiaiants, blistering agents, chlorine gas, mustard gas

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34
Q

air ww2

A

aircraft carrier
battle of coral sea
first war ever where opposing fleets didnt see eachother
hard to produce and train people to use
proximity fuse
detonatned an anti aircraft shell when near an airplane rather than direct hit
effectiveness proven at pearl harbour
used more

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35
Q

land ww1

A

trench warare
defense side trench
barbed wire
flamethrowers
poison gas
trench runners
semaphore flags 12w/min
heliograph lamps
100k carrier pigeons
gun 600/min to 1200/min
allowed fast mobilisation

36
Q

land ww2

A

coding
us utilised navajo speakers and used them as code talkers
could codecode, transmit by wireless/telephone and decode a message very fast
japan never cracked the code

37
Q

sea ww1

A

13 dreadnoughts for germany
19 dreadnoughts for gb
aim was to attack enemy economically by destroying ships
1914-15 german high seas fleet
hit and run strategy
submarines
u boat blocked enemy without needing large fleet

38
Q

sea ww2

A

japan late to catch on
believed in light sea attacks
had to develop amphibious landings
could carry 25-200 men
us dukw/alligator (drive forwards onto beach)
duplex drive (swim to shore)

39
Q

extent of mobilisation ww

A

human
economic
social/evaluate

40
Q

human mobilisation ww1

A

all women encouraged to take up jobs
womens battalion 1917
all countries had a conscription before 1914 except britain and USA
encouraging community enlistment/pals regiments

41
Q

human mobilsiation ww2

A

japanese draft 10% of po
mobilizing women and children to work in factories and other industries
in USA, 16 mil people in armed forces

42
Q

economic mob in ww1

A

mobilised factories and produce weapons, ammunition (british factory of munitions)
gov took control of factories
women recruited into workforce to replace soldiers
rationing
trade blockades

43
Q

economic mob ww2

A

orders fo rmunitions with existing firms
new factories
conversion of existing factories into wartime production
provided incentives for factories to produce munitions
war effort: 56 billion
japan used taxation, borrowing, printing money
china relied o n loans
us increased military spending by 10x
japan rationed food, fuel, clothes for war effort

44
Q

social/eval mob ww1

A

communication
telegraph and telphone lines
military commanders could talk to troops
propaganda
posters newspapers
films

45
Q

social/eval mob ww2

A

rationing
blackout drills
posters, films, radio

46
Q

successes and failures of peacemaking

A

position in the world
international agreements
continuing conflicts

47
Q

posititon in the wrold

A

spain staued neutral in ww2
allowed german aircraft adn submarine to use Spanish facilities

48
Q

position in the world v

A

saigon market crash
us oil embargo until 1994
closer ties with commuist countries
impressed the world
doctor vs waiter money

49
Q

international agreements s

A

nationalists won
more support for italy and germany

50
Q

international agreements v

A

un member 1977
paris peace accords 1973
aimed to restore peace
deamericanisation
failed in 1975

51
Q

continuing conflicts s

A

francoist repression
white terror
spanish marquis (guerrilas well into franco)

52
Q

continuing conflcits v

A

cambodia
cap vs comm
cold war

53
Q

position in the world ww1

A

usa helped in war torn economies
emergenc e of new states
tov for german reparations
germany restricted

54
Q

positon int he world ww1

A

usa helped war torn economies
emergence of new states
tov for german reparations
germany restricted

55
Q

position in the wolrd ww2

A

usa mad ehuge superpower
japan had to return manchura and was demilitarised

56
Q

international agreements ww1

A

tov 1919
lon 1919
many mroe small treaties

57
Q

international agreements ww2

A

nato fomred by usa
potsdam dec
– demilitarise
- deradicalise
- surveillance
- occupation adn surveillance

58
Q

continuing conflicts ww1

A

russan civil war 1917-22
other smaller wars
mainly led up to ww2

59
Q

continuing conflicts ww1

A

russan civil war 1917-22
other smaller wars
mainly led up to ww2

60
Q

continuing conflicts ww2

A

battleground for cod war conflict
up to 1000 military bases

61
Q

political repurcussions ww

A

power balance
peacekeeping

62
Q

political repurcussions ww1

A

france, strong divide between right and left
gb, growing nationalism in colonies. democratic system affirmed

germans, abdication of kaisar, more nationalism

russia poor management
tsar resings

loss of faith in monarchies and political polarization

63
Q

power balance ww2

A

us emerges as superpower
gains some pacific territories like guam
economy had expanded enormously
ussr
superpower
gained territory in far east

64
Q

peackeeping ww1

A

lon
woodrow wilson
usa didnt join
gen assembly, council, secretariat

65
Q

peacekeeping ww2

A

demise of european colonialism
many colinies gained independence
colonial press weakened
formation of e.u.
1951

66
Q

econ impact

A

infrastructure
trade
industry

67
Q

infrastrucfture effects s

A

bombing
guernica
3000 bridges
comms lost

68
Q

infrastructure v

A

600 bridges lost
9 capitals
9000 villages

69
Q

trade s

A

due to lack of security and infrastructure
blockade imposed by nationalsits on republican held ports
couldn’t get weapons
enforced by Italy
shortage of food, fuel etc

70
Q

trade v

A

econ sanctons and trade embargoes by us on vietnam
seerre infrastructure damage
south v dependent on us
many countries disrupted
18 billion from usa

71
Q

industry s

A

lots f machienry had to be replaced
from 1956 economy began to mdoernise
15% wealth destroyed
spain had to focus on self sufficency

72
Q

indsutry v

A

saigon market crash
us econ embargo until 1994
us dollar
invaded cambodia
food porduction fell due to chemicals

73
Q

social and demographic impact sv

A

women
death toll and consequences for losers
political demographic change

74
Q

women para s

A

role diminished post war
unmarried women aged 18-35 had to tdo 6 months training
r: propaganda to emphasise family
n: no such efforts were made
n: no fem revolts allowed, promoted trad gender roles
r: mujeres libres had 30,000 women

75
Q

women para v

A

gov impkemented policies that aimed to promote women
gov didn’t allow feminist orgs
newly powerful socialists campaigned for ed.
reunificaton in 1976 allowed women to take on pol. leadership.
1960 marriage and family law (no forced marriages, wife beating etc.
woment o occupy 35% jobs

76
Q

death toll and lsoers s

A

170,000 dead
killing continued after war via white terror
re-ed camps
punishments for republicans
o distinction between civilians and losers
land redistribution

77
Q

death toll and losers v

A

boat people
50,000 dead
conc camps
awfulr refugee camps

78
Q

socio poltiical change demographic s

A

franco dictatorship
authoritarian
ruled in itnerest of pre war elites
no democracy or parties
ed opps restricted
white terror
killing of thousands of repiblicans and exodus of half a million spaniards
1939 law of political responsibility made support of republicans punishable by law

79
Q

socio political change demographic v

A

new communist gov sent people connected to sv regime to conc campps for re-ed for years
pres thieu of the south had less support of cahtolics and buddhists (the few supporters he had)
bombs, shells, napalm, chemicals and mines generated refugees in south. 2-4 mil
ref camp conditions terrible
nationalisation of industry and commerce 1971
farmer problem
land redistribution
9000 villages destroyed
pres thieru of soth had less support of Catholics and buddhists

80
Q

women ww

A

socialy
employment
in war

81
Q

socially women ww1

A

christianity
1918 peoples act
some owmen coudl vote

82
Q

socially women ww2

A

confuscianism
1946
some jap women coudl vote

83
Q

employment women ww1

A

employees still watned men despite them being 26 shillings nad women 11
90% of munitions workers were women
1918: 46.7% women working

84
Q

employment women ww2

A

many worked in agriculture
comfort women
rape of nnaking
worked less labour intensive jos
secreatries
clerical workers
90% women working

85
Q

work in war women ww1

A

woemns aux corps and nacy and air forces
womens aux corps disbanded 1919 (around after war)
non combatants typically

86
Q

work inw ar women ww2

A

nat volunteer comabt force
conscripted men 15-60
women 17-60 join
tained by army and had resources (britian didn’t)

IB History SL (14 decks)

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