Components of a Balanced Diet Flashcards
carbohydrate food sources?
- bread
- potatoes
- rice
- cereal
- fruit
carbohydrates function?
- fuel for respiration
protein food sources?
- meat
- eggs
- fish
- quinoa
- quorn
protein function?
- growth and repair of cells and tissues
- fuel for respiration
lipid food sources?
- butter
- cooking oil
- cream
- avacados
lipid function?
- store of energy
- thermal and electrical insulation
- fuel for respiration
what is energy measured in?
kilojoules (kJ)
energy content of a food sample method?
- measure 25cm3 of water, pour it into the boiling tube and record the start temperature
- light the food sample over a Bunsen burner, then hold it under a boiling tube of water to heat it
- if the food stops burning, relight it until it cannot burn anymore
- measure the finishing temperature of the water and calculate the temperature change
energy content calculation
energy = mass of water x 4.2 x temp increase / mass of food
iron function?
- forms the part of the haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
iron food sources?
- red meat
- liver
- spinach
iron deficiency disease?
anaemia
calcium function?
- needed to form bones and teeth
calcium food source?
- milk and dairy products
- fish
- fresh vegetables
calcium deficiency disease?
rickets
vitamin A use in the body?
- making a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye
vitamin A effect of deficiency?
- night blindness
- damaged cornea
vitamin A food sources?
- fish liver oil
- liver
- butter
- carrots
vitamin C use in the body?
- needed for cells and tissues to stick together
vitamin C effect of deficiency?
scurvy
vitamin C food sources?
- fresh fruit
- fresh vegetables
vitamin D use in the body?
- needed to absorb calcium and phosphate ions from food
vitamin D effect of deficiency?
- rickets - caused by weak bones
vitamin D food sources?
- dairy products
- oily fish
why is water an essential part of our diet?
it is an essential solvent - it is used to transport the components of blood and is crucial for temperature regulation e.g. sweating
what is fibre used for in our diet?
- fibre is plant material that you cannot digest, it is mainly a chemical called cellulose (found in the cell wall of plants)
- fibre helps the movement of food through the intestine, preventing constipation and bowel cancer
why are fruits, vegetables and grains are good sources of fibre?
they all contain cellulose
