Comm. Disorders in Adults Chapter 4

Question 1

• Deficit in language abilities (comprehension, production, reading, or writing) resulting from damage to the brain.
• Acquired multimodality disorder often caused by stroke in the dominant language hemisphere.

Answer 1

Aphasia

Question 2

Difficulties with using language to express thoughts and ideas

Answer 2

Expressive language deficit

Question 3

A lifelong condition that makes it hard to understand spoken or written language.

Answer 3

Receptive language deficit

Question 4

Deficit in word-finding ability and naming- A person knows the meaning and the word; but he may not be able to find the word to communicate.

Answer 4

Anomia

Question 5

Inability to comprehend the spoken language that others produce

Answer 5

Verbal Comprehension deficits

Question 6

No difficulty in interacting socially, understanding & guessing the meaning; Lengthy dialogues and detailed utterances will be difficult

Answer 6

Mild verbal comprehension deficits

Question 7

May lack the ability to understand even a single word.

Answer 7

Severe verbal comprehension deficits

Question 8

Errors in expressive language linked to higher language deficit associated with aphasia – includes syllables, words, or phrases produced unintentionally by individuals with aphasia.

Answer 8

Paraphasia’s

Question 9

• Literal paraphasia, phonemic substitution, omission, or transposition.
• Example: Stop –> top (omitting the /s/ sound); Cat –> pat (substitution of /p/ for /c/)

Answer 9

Phonemic paraphasia

Question 10

• Individual produces a word that is entirely different from the intended word and unintelligible
• Example: pencil –> kathfi

Answer 10

Neologistic paraphasia (neologism)

Question 11

• When one word is substituted for another word that is similar in meaning.
• Example: Cup  glass, or plate

Answer 11

Semantic paraphasia

Question 12

• Word produced earlier which is repeated and inadvertently produced by an individual instead of the intended word.
• Example: repeatedly producing the word “car” several times.

Answer 12

Perseveration

Question 13

• Lack of grammar – omitting functional words ( in-between words used to frame the major content words) in their utterance.
• Telegraphic speech – grammatically incorrect but conveys the meaning.

Answer 13

Agrammatism

Question 14

Acquired impairment of reading.

Answer 14

Alexia

Question 15

Acquired impairment in the ability to form letters or form words.

Answer 15

Agraphia

Question 16

• Speaker restates or revises a word or phrase to produce it in an error-free fashion.
• Nonfluent aphasia: more errors in speech, so attempts to self-repair for corrections may take multiple attempts
• Important behavior for rehabilitation

Answer 16

Self-repairs

Question 17

• Sound, word, part-word or phrase repetitions, prolongations and interjections
• Example: I can see a cat
• Sound repetition – c..c..c..c..cat
• Word repetition – cat cat cat cat cat
• Phrase repetition – I can.. I can… I can… I can see a cat

Answer 17

Speech disfluencies

Question 18

• Frustrated and angry
• Visible struggle

Answer 18

Struggle in Nonfluent aphasias

Question 19

• Intact ability to sing a song often heard or sang premorbidly
• Automated words that are preserved
• This can be prognostic factor

Answer 19

Preserved and automatic language

Question 20

May experience issues in arousal, attention, short-term memory, problem solving, inferencing and executive functioning skills

Answer 20

Cognitive deficits

Question 21

Damage to frontal lobe may cause motor deficits such as dysarthria, apraxia, and dysphagia

Answer 21

Motor deficits of speech

Question 22

Damage to cerebral cortex; Dichotomous classification of cortical aphasia is:

Answer 22

Cortical aphasia.