Comm. Disorders in Adults Chapter 3 Flashcards
Underlying cause of symptoms or deficit.
Etiology
Stroke/Cerebro-vascular accidents, Aneurysms, Traumatic brain injury, Surgical trauma, Degenerative conditions, Idiopathic condition.
Common causes/ etiologies
Third leading cause of death in the United States & leading cause for hospital admission and long-term disability.
Stroke/ Cerebro-vascular accidents (CVA)
Every __ seconds someone in the US has a stroke and every _ minutes someone dies from a stroke
40; 4
41.2% of people who have a stroke will suffer from _______
Aphasia
High blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity etc.
Potential causes for a stroke
Complete lack of oxygen supply to tissue.
Anoxia
Partial loss of oxygen to tissue
Hypoxia
The brain can go - minutes without oxygen.
6-8
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
Focal damage within the brain
Ischemic core (infarct)
Irreversible death of cells
Tissue necrosis
Area around the Ischemic core; lost the appropriate level of blood supply to function
Ischemic penumbra
- Accumulation of fatty materials on the walls of the arteries thereby narrowing the blood vessels. 2. Atherosclerosis
Causes of Ischemic strokes
- Loss of strength or sensation on one side of the body. 2. Problems with speech and language. 3. Changes in vision or balance
Symptoms of an Ischemic stroke
An occlusion that forms slowly in an artery.
Thrombus
A mass (blood clot_ that originates in the body and travels through the vascular system.
Embolus
Small ischemic clot within the brain that resolves within 24 hours
Transient Ischemic attack
- Blood vessel ruptures within the brain
- Immediate surgery required
- Less chance for survival
Intracranial pressure – increased pressure within the brain
Pathophysiology of a Hemorrhagic stroke
- High blood pressure. 2. Alcohol abuse.
Potential causes of a Hemorrhagic stroke
Sudden onset of a severe headache (thunderclap headache).
Symptom of a hemorrhagic stroke
Bleeding that occurs between the surface of the cerebrum and the skull
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
Blood vessels burst or rupture in the brain
Intracerebral hemorrhagic
Abnormal stretching and ballooning of the wall of a blood vessel. This often happens in the circle of Willis
Aneurysm
Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, seizures, and loss of consciousness
symptoms of an aneurysm
True or False: There are no symptoms of an aneurysm until it ruptures.
True
Serious or life-threatening damage to the brain that occurs because of an external and forceful event.
Traumatic Brain Injury
True or False: Damage to CNS and PNS can be viral, bacterial, fungal or parasitic
True
Inflammation or infection to the brain or spinal cord; can be viral or bacterial with head ache, fever, confusion and seizures
Encephalitis
Human Immunodeficiency virus leads to ____ (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) transmitted through sexual contact, through blood, or from infected mother to her child; weakens the immune system; neuro related problems – dementia, neuro-cognitive disorder
AIDS
degenerative & fatal brain disease; results in involuntary movement disturbances (myoclonus), dementia, behavioral abnormality, irrelevant talk, slurred speech, and akinetic mutism
Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease
Neurosyphilis affects the nervous system resulting in meningitis, head ache, stiff neck, changes in vision or visual abnormalities
Syphilis
Viral infection primarily attacks the children; affects the nerve tacks of the PNS; highly preventable with vaccine; paralysis and weak reflexed in lower part of the body
Polio-myelitis
It occurs because of stroke, TBI, surgical trauma. Sudden, periodic, abnormal level of electrical discharge in the brain. Can cause severe damage to brain structures and can lead to death
Seizures
Pathologic levels of electrical activity confined to one area of the brain
Partial seizures
Affects the entire brain and associated with total loss of consciousness and awareness.
Generalized seizures
