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GI/Gen surg AM > Colorectal cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of colorectal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma- 95%

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2
Q

What is the most commonly affected location in colorectal cancer?

A

Rectum

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3
Q

What are the risk factors in sporadic cases of colorectal cancer?

A 
Age
Male
Previous adenoma/adenocarcinoma
Diet
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Alcohol
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4
Q

What conditions are associated with colorectal cancer?

A

HNPCC
FAP
IBD
Coeliac

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5
Q

What is the most common inheritable condition causing colorectal cancer?

A

HNPCC

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A 
Asymptomatic
Lower GI bleeding
Change in bowel habit
Acute bowel obstruction
Weight loss, anorexia
Iron deficiency anaemia
Palpable rectal or abdo mass
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7
Q

What screening is done in the general population for colorectal cancer?

A

FOB test every 2 years from 50-74yo

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8
Q

What high risk groups are offered specific screening?

A 
HNPCC
FAB
IBD
FH
PMH
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9
Q

What screening is done for people with HNPCC?

A

2 yearly colonoscopy from age 25

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10
Q

What are people with HNPCC at esp high risk of?

A

Right sided colorectal cancers

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11
Q

What is the screening for FAP?

A

Annual colonoscopy from age 10-12

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12
Q

What is the prevention of colorectal cancer in FAP?

A

Prophylactic proctocolectomy at 16-25

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13
Q

What is the screening for colorectal cancer in IBD?

A

Colonoscopy 10 years post diagnosis then at intervals

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14
Q

What screening is done for colorectal cancer in those with a FH?

A

Colonoscopy at 50/55 years then at intervals

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15
Q

What screening is done for colorectal cancer in someone with a PMH?

A

Colonoscopy every 5 years

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16
Q

How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?

A

Colonoscopy with biopsy
CT abdo/pelvis, MRI in rectal
CT colonography

17
Q

How is colorectal cancer staged?

A

CT/MRI

PET

18
Q

What is the staging used and stages of colorectal cancer?

A

Dukes’

A, B, C, D

19
Q

What are the Dukes’ stages of colorectal cancer?

A 
A= confined to mucosa
B= spread to muscle layer
C= involvement of lymph nodes
D= mets
20
Q

What is the curative management of colorectal cancer?

A

Surgery
+/- adjuvant chemo
+/- neoadjuvant radio in RECTAL ONLY

21
Q

What are some surgical management options for colorectal cancer?

A

Resection
Hemicolectomy
Colectomy
Stoma

22
Q

What are the palliative management options for colorectal cancer?

A

Surgery- stent, bypass, diversion

Chemo

GI/Gen surg AM (28 decks)

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