CNS organisation Flashcards
What is the nervous system broken down into?
- Peripheral nervous system
- Central nervous system
What is the peripheral nerve system broken down into?
- Autonomic nervous system
- Somatic nervous system
What is the central nervous system composed of?
- Brain
- Spinal cord
What is the brain composed of?
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
Ipsilateral meaning
On the same side of the body/brain
Contralateral meaning
On the opposite side of the body/brain
Ventral meaning
Pointing towards the ground
Rostral meaning
Anterior
Caudal meaning
Posterior
How much blood flow does the brain receive from the heart?
20%
Why is continuous blood flow essential?
As the brain cannot store glucose / extract energy without oxygen.
What will a 1 second interruption in blood flow do?
Use up all of brain resources
What will a 6 second gap in blood flow do?
Produce unconsciousness
What are the two major arteries that serve the brain?
- Vertebral arteries
- Internal carotid arteries
What portion of the brain do the vertebral arteries serve?
Caudal portion
What portion of the brain do the internal carotid arteries serve?
Rostral portion
Where do the vertebral arteries enter?
At the base of the skull
Where so the internal carotid arteries ascend?
The left and right sides of the neck
What do the vertebral and internal carotid arteries join to form?
Basilar artery
How is potential damaged minimised?
As there is overlap between arterial systems in case a vessel becomes blocked (stroke).
What are the hemispheres of the brain separated by?
Longitudinal fissue
What are the hemispheres covered by?
Cortex
What is a deep cleft referred to as?
A fissure
What is a shallow cleft called?
A sulcus
What is each ridge called in a telencephalon?
A gyrus
What is the cortex referred to as?
Grey matter
What are the axons covered by myelin sheath referred to as?
White matter
What is the surface of the hemispheres divided into?
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
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