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Pharmacology > CNS Drugs > Flashcards

CNS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Five pharmacologic effects of Benzodiazepines?

A
  1. Anxiolytics
  2. Sedation and Hypnosis
  3. Anticonvulsant
  4. Spinal cord mediated skeletal muscle relaxant
  5. Anterograde amnesia
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2
Q

Class of drugs that increases the frequency of chloride channel opening?

A

Benzodiazepines

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3
Q

Class of drugs that increases the duration of chloride channel opening?

A

Barbiturates ( BarbiDURates )

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4
Q

Preferred benzodiazepinesas anticonvulsant maintenance?

A

Clonazepam

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5
Q

Contraindications of Diazepam?

A
  1. Severe sleep apnea
  2. Acute alcohol intoxication
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6
Q

Preferred benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal?

A
  1. Chlordiazepoxide
  2. Diazepam
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7
Q

DOC for benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil

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8
Q

High dose BZD and Barbs may suppress seizure but at the expense of marked sedation , except?

A

Clonazepam & Phenobarbital

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9
Q

Benzodiazepine referred to used as a date rape drug?

A

Flunitrazepam

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10
Q

Barbiturate used in anesthesia induction?

A

Thiopental

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11
Q

DOC for seizure in infants?

A

Phenobarbital

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12
Q

Use of zolpidem ?

A

Insomnia , sleep disorder when sleep onset is delayed.

Zzzzzolpidem

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13
Q

MOA of Buspirone ?

A

5HT1A Partial agonist , used in Generalized anxiety disorder.

BuspirONE

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14
Q

Treatment of delerium tremens?

A

Long acting benzodiazepine ( eg. Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide)

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15
Q

Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

Disulfiram

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16
Q

Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Fomepizole

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17
Q

DOC for absence seizure?

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Valproic acid

“ Absent sa ValEt”

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18
Q

Doc for Trigeminal neuralgia ?

A

Carbamazepine

“ with three gems (trigem) you can buy me a car (carbamazepine)”

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19
Q

Most common idiosyncratic reaction of Carbamazepine ?

A

Erythematous rash

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20
Q

Two most common side effects of Phenytoin?

A
  1. Diplopia
  2. Ataxia
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21
Q

MOA of anticonvulsant action of gabapentin?

A

Inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels

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22
Q

DOC for postherpetic neuralgia? (2)

A
  1. Gabapentin
  2. Pregabalin
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23
Q

Best inhalational anesthetic for asthmatic?

A

Sevoflurane

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24
Q

Deug that can induce malignant hypothermia?

A

Sevoflurane

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25
Q

All inhaled anesthetics have bronchodilating properties , except?

A

Desflurane

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26
Q

Used as dissociative anesthetic?

A

Ketamine

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27
Q

All local anesthetics are vasodilator except?

A

Cocaine

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28
Q

Most cardiotoxic of all local anesthetic?

A

Bupivacaine

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29
Q

Amide local anesthetics?

A

Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Mepivacaine

( have 2 “i” in their names, if one “i” it’s ester)

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30
Q

Drugs used in lethal injection?

A
  1. Pancuronium 100mg
  2. Potassium chloride 100mEq
  3. Thiopental 5g

“ PaPoThiyin kita “

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31
Q

Reversal agent for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker toxicity?

A

Neostigmine

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32
Q

Reversal agent for Rocuronium toxicity?

A

Sugammadex

33
Q

MOA of baclofen?

A

Gaba B agonist

34
Q

MOA of Carbidopa?

A

Inhibits peripheral metabolism of Levodopa via dopa decarboxylase.

35
Q

MOA of Selegiline?

A

MAO-B inhibitor

36
Q

Inhibits the degradation of sympathetic amines thereby increasing sympathetic activity.

A

Tolcapone

37
Q

COMT inhibitors

A

Tolcapone, Entacapone

38
Q

Known side effect of Amantadine?

A

Livedo reticularis : cutaneous transient / persistent blotchy, reddish-blue to purple net like cyanotic pattern.

39
Q

Adverse effect of high potency typical antipsychotics?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms ( as in Haloperidol, the most potent)

40
Q

Antipsychotics causing Cornea and Lens deposits and Retinal deposits?

A
  1. Chlorpromazine
  2. Thioridazine
41
Q

Drug which may manage the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

42
Q

DOC for refractory and suicidal schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

43
Q

A serious side effect of Clozapine, PTU, Methimazole, Tocainide.

A

Agranulocytosis

44
Q

Only approved antipsychotic for schizophrenia in the youth?

A

Risperidone

45
Q

Why does risperidone have a sedating effect?

A

Effect on serotonin receptors (5-HT2-receptor antagonist)

46
Q

Least sedating atypical antipsychotic?

A

Aripiprazole

47
Q

First line antidepressants? (4)

A
  1. Sertraline
  2. Citalopram
  3. Fluoxetine
  4. Paroxetine
    SSRIs “ Sad Cita Fears People”
48
Q

3 Cs of TCA overdose?

A
  1. Coma
  2. Cardiotoxicity
  3. Convulsions
49
Q

Use of the drug Bupropion?

A

Smoking cessation

50
Q

MOA of bupropion as an anti-depressant?

A

Inhibits norepinephrine dopamine reuptake

51
Q

Mixed agonist-antagonist activity on opioid receptors?

A

Nalbuphine

( Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Pentazocine, Levallorphan)

52
Q

Opioid side effects with minimal or no tolerance ? (3)

A
  1. Miosis
  2. Constipation
  3. Convulsions
53
Q

Drug that is started when morphine withdrawal symptoms have occured?

A

Buprenorphine

54
Q

Opioid receptor responsible for analgesia effect of morphine?

A

Mu receptors

55
Q

Effects of morphine at Mu opioid receptor? (3)

A
  1. Sedation
  2. Respiratory Depression
  3. Analgesia
56
Q

Side effect associated with the use of morphine during anesthesia?

A

Pruritus

57
Q

Opioid that causes mydriasis instead of miosis?

A

Meperidine : because of muscarinic blocking action

58
Q

75- 125x more potent than morphine?

A

Fentanyl

59
Q

Mixed opioid agonist - antagonist drugs. (5)

A
  1. Buprenorphine
  2. Nalbuphine
  3. Butorphanol
  4. Pentazocine
  5. Levallorphan
    (Penta ay BuBu Na Levat na orphan )
60
Q

MOA of tramadol?

A

Weak M agonist, Inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin & NE

61
Q

Drugs causing Priapism? (7)

A

“ Tigas PeniS Qo , AyaW Bumaba”
1. Trazodone
2. Papaverine
3. Sildenafil
4. Quetiapine
5. Alprostadil
6. Warfarin
7. Bupropion

62
Q

Drugs for Parkinsons disease? (5)

A
  1. Levodopa
  2. Bromocriptine
  3. Selegiline
  4. Entacapone
  5. Benztropine
63
Q

Mechanism of action behind the extrapyramidal symptoms that may be caused by typical antipsychotics?

A

Dopamine antagonism

64
Q

Management of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Cooling
  3. Benzodiazepines
65
Q

Example of cholinergic drug devoid of nicotinic activity?

A

Pilocarpine

66
Q

An agent used in testing for fever due to malignancies?

A

Naproxen

67
Q

Benztropine is given to manage which conditions

A
  1. Parkinsonism
  2. Akathisia : inability to remain still
  3. Dystonia : muscles to contract voluntarily
68
Q

Adverse effects of risperidone ?

A
  1. Extrapyramidal symptoms
  2. Hyperprolactinemia
  3. Weight gain
69
Q

Drug acting as a central dopamine antagonist?

A

Haloperidol

70
Q

Reason why carbidopa is given in combination with levodopa?

A

To prevent its peripheral metabolism by DOPA decarboxylase

71
Q

Class of drug can also be given with Levodopa - carbidopa to prevent ots degradation?

A
  1. COMT inhibitors
  2. MAO inhibitors
72
Q

Drugs used in Alzheimers disease?

A
  1. Donepezil
  2. Rivastigmine
  3. Galantamine
  4. Memantine

“ si Don pepe , nakitang gumaGALA sa River kasi may Alzheimers, Mema!”
Or
“ Doña Riva Galanteng Mema, pero may Alzheimers”

73
Q

Classification of Bupropion?

A

Atypical antidepressant, Nicotinic receptor antagonist

74
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug used for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia?

A

Duloxetine

75
Q

Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  1. Duloxetine
  2. Escitalopram
  3. Clonazepam
76
Q

Indication of Selegiline?

A
  1. Major depressive disorder
  2. Parkinsons disease
  3. Anxiety
  4. Phobia
  5. Hypochondriasis
77
Q

Management of dementia?

A
  1. Donpezil
  2. Memantine
78
Q

Drugs for pulmonary hypertension?

A
  1. Bosentan
  2. Iloprost
  3. Sildenafil
  4. Epoprostenol

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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