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CNS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Five pharmacologic effects of Benzodiazepines?

A
  1. Anxiolytics
  2. Sedation and Hypnosis
  3. Anticonvulsant
  4. Spinal cord mediated skeletal muscle relaxant
  5. Anterograde amnesia
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2
Q

Class of drugs that increases the frequency of chloride channel opening?

A

Benzodiazepines

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3
Q

Class of drugs that increases the duration of chloride channel opening?

A

Barbiturates ( BarbiDURates )

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4
Q

Preferred benzodiazepinesas anticonvulsant maintenance?

A

Clonazepam

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5
Q

Contraindications of Diazepam?

A
  1. Severe sleep apnea
  2. Acute alcohol intoxication
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6
Q

Preferred benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal?

A
  1. Chlordiazepoxide
  2. Diazepam
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7
Q

DOC for benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil

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8
Q

High dose BZD and Barbs may suppress seizure but at the expense of marked sedation , except?

A

Clonazepam & Phenobarbital

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9
Q

Benzodiazepine referred to used as a date rape drug?

A

Flunitrazepam

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10
Q

Barbiturate used in anesthesia induction?

A

Thiopental

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11
Q

DOC for seizure in infants?

A

Phenobarbital

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12
Q

Use of zolpidem ?

A

Insomnia , sleep disorder when sleep onset is delayed.

Zzzzzolpidem

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13
Q

MOA of Buspirone ?

A

5HT1A Partial agonist , used in Generalized anxiety disorder.

BuspirONE

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14
Q

Treatment of delerium tremens?

A

Long acting benzodiazepine ( eg. Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide)

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15
Q

Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

Disulfiram

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16
Q

Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Fomepizole

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17
Q

DOC for absence seizure?

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Valproic acid

“ Absent sa ValEt”

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18
Q

Doc for Trigeminal neuralgia ?

A

Carbamazepine

“ with three gems (trigem) you can buy me a car (carbamazepine)”

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19
Q

Most common idiosyncratic reaction of Carbamazepine ?

A

Erythematous rash

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20
Q

Two most common side effects of Phenytoin?

A
  1. Diplopia
  2. Ataxia
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21
Q

MOA of anticonvulsant action of gabapentin?

A

Inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels

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22
Q

DOC for postherpetic neuralgia? (2)

A
  1. Gabapentin
  2. Pregabalin
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23
Q

Best inhalational anesthetic for asthmatic?

A

Sevoflurane

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24
Q

Deug that can induce malignant hypothermia?

A

Sevoflurane

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25
All inhaled anesthetics have bronchodilating properties , except?
Desflurane
26
Used as dissociative anesthetic?
Ketamine
27
All local anesthetics are vasodilator except?
Cocaine
28
Most cardiotoxic of all local anesthetic?
Bupivacaine
29
Amide local anesthetics?
Bupivacaine Ropivacaine Lidocaine Prilocaine Mepivacaine ( have 2 “i” in their names, if one “i” it’s ester)
30
Drugs used in lethal injection?
1. Pancuronium 100mg 2. Potassium chloride 100mEq 3. Thiopental 5g “ PaPoThiyin kita “
31
Reversal agent for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker toxicity?
Neostigmine
32
Reversal agent for Rocuronium toxicity?
Sugammadex
33
MOA of baclofen?
Gaba B agonist
34
MOA of Carbidopa?
Inhibits peripheral metabolism of Levodopa via dopa decarboxylase.
35
MOA of Selegiline?
MAO-B inhibitor
36
Inhibits the degradation of sympathetic amines thereby increasing sympathetic activity.
Tolcapone
37
COMT inhibitors
Tolcapone, Entacapone
38
Known side effect of Amantadine?
Livedo reticularis : cutaneous transient / persistent blotchy, reddish-blue to purple net like cyanotic pattern.
39
Adverse effect of high potency typical antipsychotics?
Extrapyramidal symptoms ( as in Haloperidol, the most potent)
40
Antipsychotics causing Cornea and Lens deposits and Retinal deposits?
1. Chlorpromazine 2. Thioridazine
41
Drug which may manage the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Clozapine
42
DOC for refractory and suicidal schizophrenia?
Clozapine
43
A serious side effect of Clozapine, PTU, Methimazole, Tocainide.
Agranulocytosis
44
Only approved antipsychotic for schizophrenia in the youth?
Risperidone
45
Why does risperidone have a sedating effect?
Effect on serotonin receptors (5-HT2-receptor antagonist)
46
Least sedating atypical antipsychotic?
Aripiprazole
47
First line antidepressants? (4)
1. Sertraline 2. Citalopram 3. Fluoxetine 4. Paroxetine SSRIs “ Sad Cita Fears People”
48
3 Cs of TCA overdose?
1. Coma 2. Cardiotoxicity 3. Convulsions
49
Use of the drug Bupropion?
Smoking cessation
50
MOA of bupropion as an anti-depressant?
Inhibits norepinephrine dopamine reuptake
51
Mixed agonist-antagonist activity on opioid receptors?
Nalbuphine ( Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Pentazocine, Levallorphan)
52
Opioid side effects with minimal or no tolerance ? (3)
1. Miosis 2. Constipation 3. Convulsions
53
Drug that is started when morphine withdrawal symptoms have occured?
Buprenorphine
54
Opioid receptor responsible for analgesia effect of morphine?
Mu receptors
55
Effects of morphine at Mu opioid receptor? (3)
1. Sedation 2. Respiratory Depression 3. Analgesia
56
Side effect associated with the use of morphine during anesthesia?
Pruritus
57
Opioid that causes mydriasis instead of miosis?
Meperidine : because of muscarinic blocking action
58
75- 125x more potent than morphine?
Fentanyl
59
Mixed opioid agonist - antagonist drugs. (5)
1. Buprenorphine 2. Nalbuphine 3. Butorphanol 4. Pentazocine 5. Levallorphan (Penta ay BuBu Na Levat na orphan )
60
MOA of tramadol?
Weak M agonist, Inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin & NE
61
Drugs causing Priapism? (7)
“ Tigas PeniS Qo , AyaW Bumaba” 1. Trazodone 2. Papaverine 3. Sildenafil 4. Quetiapine 5. Alprostadil 6. Warfarin 7. Bupropion
62
Drugs for Parkinsons disease? (5)
1. Levodopa 2. Bromocriptine 3. Selegiline 4. Entacapone 5. Benztropine
63
Mechanism of action behind the extrapyramidal symptoms that may be caused by typical antipsychotics?
Dopamine antagonism
64
Management of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
1. Diphenhydramine 2. Cooling 3. Benzodiazepines
65
Example of cholinergic drug devoid of nicotinic activity?
Pilocarpine
66
An agent used in testing for fever due to malignancies?
Naproxen
67
Benztropine is given to manage which conditions
1. Parkinsonism 2. Akathisia : inability to remain still 3. Dystonia : muscles to contract voluntarily
68
Adverse effects of risperidone ?
1. Extrapyramidal symptoms 2. Hyperprolactinemia 3. Weight gain
69
Drug acting as a central dopamine antagonist?
Haloperidol
70
Reason why carbidopa is given in combination with levodopa?
To prevent its peripheral metabolism by DOPA decarboxylase
71
Class of drug can also be given with Levodopa - carbidopa to prevent ots degradation?
1. COMT inhibitors 2. MAO inhibitors
72
Drugs used in Alzheimers disease?
1. Donepezil 2. Rivastigmine 3. Galantamine 4. Memantine “ si Don pepe , nakitang gumaGALA sa River kasi may Alzheimers, Mema!” Or “ Doña Riva Galanteng Mema, pero may Alzheimers”
73
Classification of Bupropion?
Atypical antidepressant, Nicotinic receptor antagonist
74
Serotonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug used for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia?
Duloxetine
75
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
1. Duloxetine 2. Escitalopram 3. Clonazepam
76
Indication of Selegiline?
1. Major depressive disorder 2. Parkinsons disease 3. Anxiety 4. Phobia 5. Hypochondriasis
77
Management of dementia?
1. Donpezil 2. Memantine
78
Drugs for pulmonary hypertension?
1. Bosentan 2. Iloprost 3. Sildenafil 3. Epoprostenol

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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