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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics ?

A

“Hyper GLUC”
1. Hyperglycemia
2. Hyperlipidemia
3. Hyperuricemia
4. Hypercalcemia
5. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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2
Q

Site of Thiazide diuretics in the nephron?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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3
Q

Loop diuretic that may be given to patients with sulfur allergy?

A

Ethacrynic acid

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4
Q

First dose syncope/ orthostatic hypotension may be seen with the use of what drugs? (6)

A

Alpha 1 blockers:
1. Prazosin
2. Doxazosin
3. Terazosin
4. Tamsulosin
5. Silodosin
6. Alfuzosin

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5
Q

Moa of Minoxidil?

A

Vasodilator, Opens K+ channels

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6
Q

Contraindications of the use of Nebivolol?

A

Beta blockers are contraindicated in:
1. Severe bradycardia
2. Cardiogenic shock
3. Heart block
4. Decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

Effects of Beta blockers and CCB on chronotropy, Inotropy, Lusitropy, and Dromoytropy?

A

Decrease chronotropy, inotropy
Increase lusitropy
Negative dromotropic effect

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8
Q

SE of Dobutamine? (11)

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Arrhythmia
  4. Premature ventricular beats
  5. Angina
  6. Dyspnea
  7. Tachyphylaxis
  8. Eosinophilic myocarditis
  9. Fever
  10. Headache
  11. Nausea
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9
Q

Intrinsic sympathomimetic effect with both agonism and antagonism at the b-1 receptor?

A
  1. Bopindolol
  2. Oxprenolol
  3. Carteolol
  4. Celiprolol
  5. Acebutolol
  6. Penbutolol
  7. Pindolol
    “BOCCA PePi partially B-1 “
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10
Q

Side effects of CCB? (3)

A
  1. Flushing
  2. Pretibial edema
  3. Reflex tachycardia
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11
Q

Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of what CCB?

A

Verapamil

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12
Q

Side effects of ACE Inh? (2)

A
  1. Cough
  2. Angioedema ( most serious)
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13
Q

Drugs given for hypertensive pregnant patients. (4)

A
  1. Hydralazine
  2. Methyldopa
  3. Labetalol
  4. Nifedipine

(Hy MeLaNi)

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14
Q

Drug class that causes monday disease?

A

Nitrates

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15
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning?

A

Lilly Cyanide Kit:
1. Inhaled amyl nitrite
2. IV Sodium Nitrite
3. IV Sodium Thiosulfate

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16
Q

Drugs that may be combined with nitrates in treatment of angina?

A

CCB & Beta blocker

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17
Q

DOC for Prinzmetal Angina?

A

Diltiazem

Prinzmetal Angina: Vasospastic angina / Variant Angina , focal chest pain at rest. Associated with Reynauds phenomenon and Migraine headaches. EGC shows ST segment elevations.

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18
Q

Group of drugs that may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in in diabetic patients?

A

Beta blockers

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19
Q

Combined alpha and beta blockade?

A

Carvedilol & Labetalol

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20
Q

Longest acting Beta blocker?

A

Nadolol

Nasa dolo ang t1/2

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21
Q

Shortest acting Beta blocker?

A

Esmolol

Esmol lang ang t1/2

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22
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers? (9)

A
  1. Betaxolol
  2. Bisoprolol
  3. Esmolol
  4. Atenolol
  5. Acebutolol
  6. Alprenolol
  7. Metoprolol
  8. Nebivolol
  9. Celiprolol

BBEAAAM NC

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23
Q

How does atenolol exert an anti-anginal effect?

A
  1. Negative chronotropic effect
  2. Negative inotropic effect
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24
Q

Common side effects of Beta blockers in patients with bronchial asthma?

A
  1. Bronchospasm
  2. Difficulty of breathing
  3. Wheezing
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25
Q

MOA of trimetazidine?

A

Inhibits beta oxidation of fatty acid

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26
Q

MOA of Ranolazine ?

A

Reduces a late , prolonged Na+ current

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27
Q

MOA of Ivabradine?

A

Inhibits If Na current in SA node

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28
Q

Moa of digoxin?

A

Inhibits Na/ K ATPase

29
Q

Why does digoxin toxicity increases when antibiotic is given concomitantly?

A

Enteric bacteria that naturally inactivate digoxin are destroyed.

30
Q

Drug most used for rate control with with atrial fibrillation in rapid ventricular response?

A

Digoxin

31
Q

Digoxin arrhythmogenesis is increased by?

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Hypomagnesemia
  3. Hypercalcemia
32
Q

Manifestations of Digoxin Toxicity?

A
  1. Hyperkalemia
  2. Blurring of vision
  3. Vomiting
  4. Arrhythmia

(HBV A)

33
Q

Antiarrhythmic of choice for Digitalis toxicity ?

A

Lidocaine

34
Q

Neprilysin inhibitor used with Valsartan for heart failure?

A

Sacubitril

35
Q

MOA of each class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

“NaBaKlaCa “

Class I - Na Channel Blockers
Class II - Beta Blockers
Class III - K channel blockers
Class IV - Ca channel blockers

36
Q

Anti-arrhythmic agent that blocks sodium channels and are called membrane stabilizing agents?

A

Class 1A : Disopyramide , Quinidine , Procainamide ( Double Quarter Pounder)
Class 1B : Tocainide, Lidocaine, Mexiletine , Phenytoin ( Phenge Tomato Lettuce Mayo)
Class 1C: Encainide, Moricizine, Flecainide, Propafenone ( End, More Fries Please)

37
Q

Effects of Class 1 antiarrhythmic on a tion potential duration?

A

1A : Prolong (akyat)
1B: Shorten (baba)
1C: No effect (Constant)

38
Q

Doc for ventricular arrhythmias post-MI ?

A

Class IB: Lidocaine , Phenytoin, Tocainide, Mexiletine

39
Q

Contraindications on the use of Amiodarone?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Sinus nodal
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Concomitant digoxin intake
40
Q

Manifestations of Amiodarone toxicity? (6)

A

“I PELTTS that Amiors”
1. Paresthesia
2. Corneal deposits (eyes)
3. Pulmonary fibrosis (Lungs)
4. Thyroid dysfunction
5. Tremors
6. Skin deposits

41
Q

Used as part of the pharmacologic cardiac stress test?

A

Dobutamine

42
Q

DOC for paroxysmal SVT ?

A

Adenosine

43
Q

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

“MUDPILES “
1. Methanol
2. Uremia
3. DKA
4. Paraldehyde
5. Isoniazid
6. Iron
7. Lactic acid
8. Ethanol
9. Ethylene glycol
10. Salicylates

44
Q

Actions of acetazolamide. (3)

A
  1. Prevents hydrogen secretion of H+ in the tubule.
  2. Inhibits carbonic anhydrase.
  3. Promotes Na and K excretion.
45
Q

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis may be caused by which diuretic?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg. acetazolamide

46
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics.

A

STEAK
1. Spironolactone
2. Triamterene
3. Eplenerone
4. Amiloride
K sparing diuretics

47
Q

Inhibitor of ENaC or epithelial sodium channels?

A

Amiloride & Triamterene

48
Q

Uses of desmopressin ? (4)

A
  1. Central Diabetes Isipidus
  2. Von Willebrands disease
  3. Nocturnal enuresis
  4. Hemophilia
49
Q

MOA of citicholine .

A

Stabilizes cell membranes and reduces free radicals

50
Q

Common adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A
  1. Hepatotoxicity
  2. Myopathy
  3. Rhabdomyolysis
51
Q

NPC1L1 transporter inhibitor?

A

Ezetimibe

52
Q

DOC for hypertriglyceridemia.

A

Fibrates

53
Q

MOA of fibrates?

A

PPAR-a agonist

54
Q

The main action of this lipid lowering agent is to increase HDL.

A

Niacin

55
Q

Combining fibrates + Bile acid binding resins increases the risk for?

A

Cholelithiasis

Fibrates + Resins = coal ( Cholelithiasis)
Fire = Coal

56
Q

Combining statins + Bile acid binding resins increases the risk for?

A

Impaired absorption of statins

Statins + Resins = Impaired abs statins
STARI

57
Q

Combining fibrates + statins increases the risk for?

A

Myopathy , Rhabdomyolysis

Fibrates + Statins = Myopathy , RhabdoMYOLYSIS
FiSt fights can cause Myopathy

58
Q

Administration of fenofibrate reduces the following? (3)

A
  1. TG
  2. Cholesterol
  3. LDL
59
Q

Drug that decreases the absorption of cholesterol from the GIT.

A

Ezetimibe

( If patient can’t control diet then the solution is EZE )

60
Q

Drugs that increase the risk of myopathy when added to simvastatin for dyslipidemia? (3)

A
  1. Gemfibrozil
  2. Fenofibrate
  3. Clofibrate

FiSt = Myopathy

61
Q

Expected effects from niacin for dyslipidemia? (3)

A

Decreased TG, LDL , Chooesterol l

62
Q

Drug that decreases absorption of cholesterol from the GIT?

A

Ezetimibe

63
Q

Drugs than increase the risk of myopathy when added to simvastatin for dyslipidemia?

A

Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate
Clofibrate

64
Q

Expected effects from niacin for dyslipidemia?

A

Decrease LDL
Decrease TG
Decrease cholesterol

65
Q

Contraindications to the use of streptokinase? (5)

A
  1. Cerebrovascular hemorrhage at any time
  2. Non-hemorrhagic stroke within past year
  3. Hypertension >180/110mmHg
  4. Suspicion of aortic dissection
  5. Active internal bleeding excluding menses
66
Q

Taking phenylephrine can worsen which co-morbid disease? (3)

A
  1. Peripheral arterial disease
  2. Anxiety disorder
  3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
67
Q

Nonselective agonist of Beta receptors

A

Isoproterenol

68
Q

Combination drugs with statin with added benefits? (3)

A
  1. Niacin
  2. Ezetimibe
  3. Colestipol

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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