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Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics ?

A

“Hyper GLUC”
1. Hyperglycemia
2. Hyperlipidemia
3. Hyperuricemia
4. Hypercalcemia
5. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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2
Q

Site of Thiazide diuretics in the nephron?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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3
Q

Loop diuretic that may be given to patients with sulfur allergy?

A

Ethacrynic acid

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4
Q

First dose syncope/ orthostatic hypotension may be seen with the use of what drugs? (6)

A

Alpha 1 blockers:
1. Prazosin
2. Doxazosin
3. Terazosin
4. Tamsulosin
5. Silodosin
6. Alfuzosin

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5
Q

Moa of Minoxidil?

A

Vasodilator, Opens K+ channels

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6
Q

Contraindications of the use of Nebivolol?

A

Beta blockers are contraindicated in:
1. Severe bradycardia
2. Cardiogenic shock
3. Heart block
4. Decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

Effects of Beta blockers and CCB on chronotropy, Inotropy, Lusitropy, and Dromoytropy?

A

Decrease chronotropy, inotropy
Increase lusitropy
Negative dromotropic effect

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8
Q

SE of Dobutamine? (11)

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Arrhythmia
  4. Premature ventricular beats
  5. Angina
  6. Dyspnea
  7. Tachyphylaxis
  8. Eosinophilic myocarditis
  9. Fever
  10. Headache
  11. Nausea
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9
Q

Intrinsic sympathomimetic effect with both agonism and antagonism at the b-1 receptor?

A
  1. Bopindolol
  2. Oxprenolol
  3. Carteolol
  4. Celiprolol
  5. Acebutolol
  6. Penbutolol
  7. Pindolol
    “BOCCA PePi partially B-1 “
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10
Q

Side effects of CCB? (3)

A
  1. Flushing
  2. Pretibial edema
  3. Reflex tachycardia
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11
Q

Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of what CCB?

A

Verapamil

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12
Q

Side effects of ACE Inh? (2)

A
  1. Cough
  2. Angioedema ( most serious)
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13
Q

Drugs given for hypertensive pregnant patients. (4)

A
  1. Hydralazine
  2. Methyldopa
  3. Labetalol
  4. Nifedipine

(Hy MeLaNi)

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14
Q

Drug class that causes monday disease?

A

Nitrates

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15
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning?

A

Lilly Cyanide Kit:
1. Inhaled amyl nitrite
2. IV Sodium Nitrite
3. IV Sodium Thiosulfate

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16
Q

Drugs that may be combined with nitrates in treatment of angina?

A

CCB & Beta blocker

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17
Q

DOC for Prinzmetal Angina?

A

Diltiazem

Prinzmetal Angina: Vasospastic angina / Variant Angina , focal chest pain at rest. Associated with Reynauds phenomenon and Migraine headaches. EGC shows ST segment elevations.

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18
Q

Group of drugs that may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in in diabetic patients?

A

Beta blockers

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19
Q

Combined alpha and beta blockade?

A

Carvedilol & Labetalol

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20
Q

Longest acting Beta blocker?

A

Nadolol

Nasa dolo ang t1/2

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21
Q

Shortest acting Beta blocker?

A

Esmolol

Esmol lang ang t1/2

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22
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers? (9)

A
  1. Betaxolol
  2. Bisoprolol
  3. Esmolol
  4. Atenolol
  5. Acebutolol
  6. Alprenolol
  7. Metoprolol
  8. Nebivolol
  9. Celiprolol

BBEAAAM NC

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23
Q

How does atenolol exert an anti-anginal effect?

A
  1. Negative chronotropic effect
  2. Negative inotropic effect
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24
Q

Common side effects of Beta blockers in patients with bronchial asthma?

A
  1. Bronchospasm
  2. Difficulty of breathing
  3. Wheezing
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25
MOA of trimetazidine?
Inhibits beta oxidation of fatty acid
26
MOA of Ranolazine ?
Reduces a late , prolonged Na+ current
27
MOA of Ivabradine?
Inhibits If Na current in SA node
28
Moa of digoxin?
Inhibits Na/ K ATPase
29
Why does digoxin toxicity increases when antibiotic is given concomitantly?
Enteric bacteria that naturally inactivate digoxin are destroyed.
30
Drug most used for rate control with with atrial fibrillation in rapid ventricular response?
Digoxin
31
Digoxin arrhythmogenesis is increased by?
1. Hypokalemia 2. Hypomagnesemia 3. Hypercalcemia
32
Manifestations of Digoxin Toxicity?
1. Hyperkalemia 2. Blurring of vision 3. Vomiting 4. Arrhythmia (HBV A)
33
Antiarrhythmic of choice for Digitalis toxicity ?
Lidocaine
34
Neprilysin inhibitor used with Valsartan for heart failure?
Sacubitril
35
MOA of each class of antiarrhythmic drugs?
“NaBaKlaCa “ Class I - Na Channel Blockers Class II - Beta Blockers Class III - K channel blockers Class IV - Ca channel blockers
36
Anti-arrhythmic agent that blocks sodium channels and are called membrane stabilizing agents?
Class 1A : Disopyramide , Quinidine , Procainamide ( Double Quarter Pounder) Class 1B : Tocainide, Lidocaine, Mexiletine , Phenytoin ( Phenge Tomato Lettuce Mayo) Class 1C: Encainide, Moricizine, Flecainide, Propafenone ( End, More Fries Please)
37
Effects of Class 1 antiarrhythmic on a tion potential duration?
1A : Prolong (akyat) 1B: Shorten (baba) 1C: No effect (Constant)
38
Doc for ventricular arrhythmias post-MI ?
Class IB: Lidocaine , Phenytoin, Tocainide, Mexiletine
39
Contraindications on the use of Amiodarone?
1. Pregnancy 2. Sinus nodal 3. Tachycardia 4. Concomitant digoxin intake
40
Manifestations of Amiodarone toxicity? (6)
“I PELTTS that Amiors” 1. Paresthesia 2. Corneal deposits (eyes) 3. Pulmonary fibrosis (Lungs) 4. Thyroid dysfunction 5. Tremors 6. Skin deposits
41
Used as part of the pharmacologic cardiac stress test?
Dobutamine
42
DOC for paroxysmal SVT ?
Adenosine
43
Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis
“MUDPILES “ 1. Methanol 2. Uremia 3. DKA 4. Paraldehyde 5. Isoniazid 6. Iron 7. Lactic acid 8. Ethanol 9. Ethylene glycol 10. Salicylates
44
Actions of acetazolamide. (3)
1. Prevents hydrogen secretion of H+ in the tubule. 2. Inhibits carbonic anhydrase. 3. Promotes Na and K excretion.
45
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis may be caused by which diuretic?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg. acetazolamide
46
Potassium sparing diuretics.
STEAK 1. Spironolactone 2. Triamterene 3. Eplenerone 4. Amiloride K sparing diuretics
47
Inhibitor of ENaC or epithelial sodium channels?
Amiloride & Triamterene
48
Uses of desmopressin ? (4)
1. Central Diabetes Isipidus 2. Von Willebrands disease 3. Nocturnal enuresis 4. Hemophilia
49
MOA of citicholine .
Stabilizes cell membranes and reduces free radicals
50
Common adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
1. Hepatotoxicity 2. Myopathy 3. Rhabdomyolysis
51
NPC1L1 transporter inhibitor?
Ezetimibe
52
DOC for hypertriglyceridemia.
Fibrates
53
MOA of fibrates?
PPAR-a agonist
54
The main action of this lipid lowering agent is to increase HDL.
Niacin
55
Combining fibrates + Bile acid binding resins increases the risk for?
Cholelithiasis **Fi**brates + **Re**sins = coal ( Cholelithiasis) Fire = Coal
56
Combining statins + Bile acid binding resins increases the risk for?
Impaired absorption of statins **Sta**tins + **R**esins = **I**mpaired abs statins STARI
57
Combining fibrates + statins increases the risk for?
Myopathy , Rhabdomyolysis **Fi**brates + **St**atins = Myopathy , RhabdoMYOLYSIS FiSt fights can cause Myopathy
58
Administration of fenofibrate reduces the following? (3)
1. TG 2. Cholesterol 3. LDL
59
Drug that decreases the absorption of cholesterol from the GIT.
Ezetimibe ( If patient can’t control diet then the solution is EZE )
60
Drugs that increase the risk of **myopathy** when added to **simvastatin** for dyslipidemia? (3)
1. Gem**fibro**zil 2. Feno**fibrate** 3. Clo**fibrate** FiSt = Myopathy
61
Expected effects from niacin for dyslipidemia? (3)
Decreased TG, LDL , Chooesterol l
62
Drug that decreases absorption of cholesterol from the GIT?
Ezetimibe
63
Drugs than increase the risk of myopathy when added to simvastatin for dyslipidemia?
Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate Clofibrate
64
Expected effects from niacin for dyslipidemia?
Decrease LDL Decrease TG Decrease cholesterol
65
Contraindications to the use of streptokinase? (5)
1. Cerebrovascular hemorrhage at any time 2. Non-hemorrhagic stroke within past year 3. Hypertension >180/110mmHg 4. Suspicion of aortic dissection 5. Active internal bleeding excluding menses
66
Taking phenylephrine can worsen which co-morbid disease? (3)
1. Peripheral arterial disease 2. Anxiety disorder 3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
67
Nonselective agonist of Beta receptors
Isoproterenol
68
Combination drugs with statin with added benefits? (3)
1. Niacin 2. Ezetimibe 3. Colestipol

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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