CNS 1 Flashcards
what are the major brain structures?
- hindbrain
- midbrain: tectum, tegmentum
- forebrain: telencephalon, diencephalon
what does the hindbrain consist of?
cerebellum
pons
medulla
reticular formation
what does the tectum consist of?
superior and interior colliculi
what does the tegmentum consist of?
periaqueductal gray
substantia nigra
red nucleus
what does the telencephalon consist of?
- cerebral cortex
- corpus callsoum
- limbic system (hippocampus…)
what does the diencephalon consist of?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
what are the major neurochemical systems in the brain?
- noradrenaline
- dopamine
- serotonin
- ACh
- glutamate
- GABA
what does the surface anatomy of the brain include?
cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
brain stem
what is the brain composed and constituted of?
wrinkled pinkish gray tissue
nerve cells, glial cells, blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid
the brain contains almost …. of the body’s neural tissue
98%
the brain exerts vital and adaptive functions
give examples of these?
- sensory reception and integration
- muscle control + coordination
- temperature + sleep wake cycle regulation
- speech production, memory storage, reasoning, judgement ..
what does the CNS do?
integrates info that it receives + coordinates activity
what forms the CNS?
brain + spinal cord
what are dendrites?
short fibres
through which neurones (cell body) receive info
what do axons carry?
outgoing messages from cell
what does a group of axons bundled together make up?
- nerve in PNS (cranial + spinal nerves)
- tract in CNS
define nucleus?
collection of neuron cell bodies in CNS
define ganglion?
collection of neurones cell bodies in PNS
what is an exception to the ganglion?
basal ganglia
located in forebrain
what does the basal ganglia consist of?
subcortical nuclei
inc: caudate putamen, globus pallidus in cerebrum, substantia nigra in midbrain, subthalamic nucleus in diencephalon
what are the 3 main nerve tracts in the CNS?
- association fibres
- commissural fibres
- projection fibres
association fibres
connect cortical areas within same hemisphere
commissural fibres
connect corresponding cortical areas in 2 hemispheres
cross from one cerebral hemisphere to other via bridges = commissures
projection fibres
connect cerebral cortex with corpus striatum, diencephalon, brainstem + spinal cord