CNLE (1st quarter) (Pre-Lims) Flashcards
imaginary events and
people
Fiction
fiction in latin
Fictus
meaning of fictus
to form
actual historical events.
Non-Fiction
Made up stories and characters
Fiction
PURPOSE: to entertain
Fiction
Factual information;
true stories and real
people
NonFiction
PURPOSE: to inform
Nonfiction
SUMMARY: CPR
Fiction
SUMMARY: BME
Nonfiction
Must be read in order
for it to make sense
Fiction
Few or no text
features
Fiction
Order doesn’t matter for understanding
Nonfiction
Lots text features
NonFiction
Little or no academic
vocabulary
Fiction
Lots of academic
vocabulary
Nonficiton
CPR acronym
Character, Problem and Resolution
who are the main characters
Characters –
what is the main problem facing the
characters
Problem –
how is the problem ultimately
resolved.
Resolution –
BME acronym
(Beginning, Middle, End)
include all the components of
a story or article that are not the main
body of text. These include the table of
contents, index, glossary, headings, bold
words, sidebars, pictures and captions, and
labeled diagrams.
Text features
Text features (12)
Title
Table of Contents
Index
Glossary
Headings or Subtitles
Sidebars
Picture and Caption
Labeled diagrams
Chart and graph
Maps
Cutways and cross section
Insert photos
Quickly tells the reader what information they will learn about
Title
Shows students the different chapter or section titles and
where they are located
Table of contents
Directs students where to go in the text to find specific
information on a topic, word, or person
Index
Identifies important vocabulary words for students and gives
their definitions
Glossary
Help the reader identify the main idea for that section of text
Heading and subtitle
Are set apart from the main text, (usually located on the
side or bottom of the page) and elaborate on a detail
mentioned in the text
sidebars
Show an important object or idea from the text
Pictures and captions
Allow readers to see detailed depictions of an object from the
text with labels that teach the important components
labeled diagrams
Represent and show data related to, or elaborate on,
something in the main body of text
Charts and graphs
Help a reader locate a place in the world that is related to
text
Maps
Allow readers to see inside something by dissolving part of a
wall or to see all the layers of an object by bisecting it for
viewing
Cutaways and cross sections
Can show either a faraway view of something or a close-up
shot of minute detail
Insert Photos
may be used to refer
to formal English rules, structure, and content for
academic dialogue and text, and the
communicative conventions that allow students to
meet the demands of school environments.
academic language
refers to the use of words in
a way that deviates from the conventional order
and meaning in order to convey a complicated
meaning, colorful writing, clarity, or evocative
comparison. It uses an ordinary sentence to refer
to something without directly stating it.
Figurative language
OTHER TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION (5)
Personal Essay
Memoir
Travel Writing
Food Writing
Profiles
The writer crafts an essay that is based on
personal experience or a single event, which results in significant personal meaning or a lesson learned. The writer uses the first person “I.”
Personal Essay
The writer constructs a true story about a time or
period in his/life – one that had significant personal
meaning and a universal truth. The writer composes the
story using the first person “I.”
Memoir
The writer crafts articles or essays about travel
using literary devices.
Travel Writing
The writer crafts stories about food and cuisine
using literary devices.
Food Writing
The writer constructs biographies or essays
on real people using literary devices.
Profiles
is the central idea of a piece of writing.
Theme
is a specific lesson that the author is trying to teach.
Moral
The main subject that is being discussed or described in a piece of
writing, a movie, etc.
Theme
is a literary element that evokes certain feelings through words and descriptions.
mood
underlying message that the writer would like to convey,
Theme
Types of theme 5
Love
Death
Good Vs Evil
Power and Corruption
Individual vs Society
A particular subject or issue that is discussed often or repeatedly
Theme
one of the most popular topics covered not only in books, but in movies and music as well, love is a universal, multi-faceted theme that’s been explored in a number of ways throughout the history of literature.
Love
is the glue that underlies a piece of writing. It‘s the central topic that the whole thing is based on.
Theme
You’ll be hard-pressed to find many books that don’t deal with death in some way or another.
Death
are far more general than the moral of the story.
Theme
particularly common in fantasy series;
Good vs Evil
two concepts that go hand-in-hand, and are explored as a unified theme across many genres;
Power and corruption
revolves around a main character who is something of an outsider, at odds with the society they live in; They’re different from most, if not all of the people around them, and they usually either struggle to fit in with society’s expectations or rebel against them
Individual vs. Society
TECHNIQUES IN WRITING A NONFICTION STORY 5
Tell a memorable story
Bait your audience
Use emotional language
Say it simply
Surprise the reader
Humans have been fascinated by stories since the dawn of time. We remember stories much better than abstract rules, formulas or concepts. A post or essay will be stronger and more relatable if you include little examples, experiences and comparisons.
Tell a memorable story
One strategy is beginning with a little personal or historical story. Before the reader knows it, he will be halfway through your article.
Bait your audience
The less abstract your nouns, the better. Any noun of something you’re able to touch physically is better than something you can’t touch. Palpable words draw the reader into your text more effectively, so he experiences them instead of simply reading them.
Use emotional language
If you have great content, don’t encrypt it. Provide even more value for your reader by cutting the content down into easily digestible bites.
Say it as simply as possible, but make sure your idea comes across.
Say it simply
Include an unexpected twist or turn when you can. It will keep things interesting and fun for your audience.
Keep readers on their toes by asking them a question and answering it in a way they wouldn’t have expected.
Surprise the reader
Elements of Creative Nonfiction
Setting
Descriptive Imagery
Figurative Language
Plot
Characters
is the time and place where the story takes place. Usually, an effective story establishes its setting early in the story: otherwise readers will have a difficult time visualizing the action of the story.
setting
It is the way the writer paints the scene, or image, in the mind of the reader. It usually involves descriptions of one or
more of the (five senses): sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste.
Descriptive Imagery
is using language in a surprising way to describe a literary moment.
Figurative language
This refers to the actual events that take place within the bounds of your narrative. Using our rhetorical situation vocabulary, we can identify “_______” as the primary subject of a descriptive personal narrative.
plot
3 Related Elements to Consider in plot
Scope
Sequence
Pacing
refers to the boundaries of plot. The way of determining the scope varies based on rhetorical situation.
Scope
this pertains to the order of events
sequence
Freytag’s Pyramid: Chronological
Exposition
Rising action
Climax
Falling action
Resolution
Here, you’re setting the scene, introducing characters, and preparing the reader for the
journey.
Exposition
In this part, things start to happen. You (or your characters) encounter conflict, set out on
a journey, meet people, etc.
Rising action:
This is the peak of the action, the main showdown, the central event toward which your story has been building.
Climax:
Now things start to wind down. You (or your characters) come away from the climactic
experience changed—at the very least, you
are wiser for having had that experience.
Falling action:
Also known as dénouement, this is where all the loose ends get tied up. The central conflict has been resolved, and everything is back to normal, but perhaps a bit different.
Resolution:
literally means “in the middle of things”; a story that
begins in medias res begins in the middle of the action. This leads to this sequence:
In Medias Res
process of Medias Res
Climax
Exposition
Rising action
Climax
Falling action
Resolution
may be told in a series of flashbacks or
vignettes, therefore, making the story jump back and forth in time. Stories about trauma are often told in this fashion. In using this plot form, be sure to make clear to readers how/why the jumps in time are occurring. A writer might clarify jumps in time by adding time-stamps or dates or by using symbolic images to connect different vignettes.
Nonlinear narrative
This is one of the major requirements in making a story because they bring life to the story.
Characters
– the development of characters through actions, descriptions, and dialogue. Your audience will be more engaged with and sympathetic toward your narrative if they can vividly imagine the characters as real people.
Characterization
Characterization may be done in two ways:
Direct
Indirect
through specific description of the character— What kind of clothes do they wear? What do they look, smell, sound like?—or,
Directly,
through the behaviors, speech, and thoughts of the character—
Indirectly,
position from which your story is told will help shape your reader’s experience, the language your narrator and characters use, and even the plot itself. It impacts tone, mood, scope, voice, and plot.
Point of View –
the emotional register of the story’s language.
Tone –
the emotional register a reader experiences.
Mood –
communication between two or more characters. Good dialogue often demonstrates the traits of a
character or the relationship of characters – relationships can influence tone of voice, word choice
Dialogue -
