CESC (1st sem) (Pre-lims) Flashcards
latin word of community
communis
communis meaning
“common” or “shared”
is a community where members share
the same geographical vicinity such as a
village, province or neighborhood
Geographical community
is a community formed based on needs, ideas,
interests, identity, practices, and roles in social
institutions such as at home, all work, in
government, society, or the community at large
Non-Geographical community
are
imperative in building community. As
people communicate and interact,
relationships foster. It develops pattern
by which adopted in the environment.
Communication and relationships
a group is formed based on personal ties. This may
include groups formed for pursuing common
interests or goals like forming a small organization
to hold a fund-raising activity such as concerts.
Micro-level community
large group affiliation is formed such as
national communities, international
communities, and virtual communities.
macro-level
The changes in the community
brought about by social, cultural
and environmental experiences
whether it is positive or
negative development that
impacts within the community.
Community Dynamics
- is any activity that aims to increase
the understanding, engagement and
empowerment of communities for the
intention of giving services to
People.
What is Community Action?
There are 3-key points in grasping the
definition more meaningful: (community action)
UNDERSTANDING
ENGAGEMENT
EMPOWERMENT
What are the Different Perspectives?? (4)
The Social Science Perspective
Civil Society Perspective
Local and Grassroots Perspectives
Institutional Perspective
“community as a group of people in a particular area
interacting together.
”
The social science perspective
Disciplines in Social Science (5)
Anthropology
Economics
Political Science
Psychology
Sociology
-This field examines the various aspects of humans,
such as their biology, behavior, culture and social interactions.
Anthropology
This field studies the production, allocation and
consumption of goods and services.
Economics
2 types of community
Geographical Community
Non-geographical Community
Communities in two levels
Micro-level community
Macro-Level
The field encompasses the various ways and
means of allocating power, influence, decision-making. This includes types of governments and management systems, and how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions
when they do not have recognized leaders.
Political science
This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and
social behavior. This extends to interaction between people and
interpersonal relationships.
psychology
This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions, and culture.
Sociology
defined as the networks of relationship among people who
live and work in a particular society
social capital
connection between the individual and the
community.
Communitarianism
Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an organization in service to society. This perspective views society as a community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.
Civil Society Perspective
This perspective highlights volunteerism. Members of
communities may involve themselves in various programs or
activities. The community uses self-organization and encourages
the local citizens to contribute to the community by taking
responsibilities and actions.
Local and Grassroots Perspectives
views the community in
three different dimensions.
institutional perspective
It is an existing
establishment or physical
space where members of
the community go for a
certain purpose.
Institutional Perspective (First Dimension)
It is the institutional community
as a social model. This is defined
by networks and institutions
where community group are
formed in certain areas such as
schools, churches or companies.
Institutional Perspective (Second Dimension)
Community is composed of
the ways people act,
interact with each other,
react, and expect each
other to act and interact.
Institutional Perspective (Third Dimension)
are important figures that will guide the members to carry out the plans in pursuit of the group’s objectives. The guidance of a good leader in a group ensures the coherence of plans and better implementation of programs.
Leaders
They are appointed based on
qualifications, attitude and most often, through the votes of the residents.
Formal Power Structure
There are also people who are appointed because of their ability to lead, direct or
achieve without an official leadership title.
Informal Power Structure.
are individuals or bodies
whose authority is based on formal rules and institutions. They are appointed because of their intelligence, reputations, decision-making, dictation from laws and policies and connections
Legal authoritative decision-makers,
community leaders are with direct relation with you through familial relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network,
Interrelationship-
they could be part of an institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose in our community.
Organization-
is necessary in aiding the residents to reflect on ways to be positively involved in its improvement.
aspects of the community
The following are the
aspects of community and the factors to explore. (11)
- Local Politics
- Demographics
- Geography and environmental influence
- Beliefs and Attitudes
- Local economy and businesses
- Income distribution
- Housing
- Educational facilities and programs
- Health and Welfare Systems
- Sources of information and public opinion
- Summary Assessment of Community Issues
- Structure of government
- Decision-making power and control
- Major issues currently in debate
Local Politics
- Population size (total number of people)
- Population density (ratio of people to the space they inhabit)
- Heterogeneity (the extent to which community members have diverse characteristics)
- Ethnic groups
- Names given to various parts of the community
- Areas known for having their own characteristics (ex: industrial area, blue collar
families) - Isolation from or closeness to other communities
- History of the area
- Changes and development of the area
- Demographics
the community’s physical environment
the community’s location and proximity to highways, bodies of water or mountains
* existence of recreational areas concerns regarding environment hazards such as
pollution, power shortages, among others
- Geography and environmental influence
cultural values, traditions and beliefs of various segments of the population
spiritual and political values of the residents
available social agencies and the help they can extend
perceptions of residents as part of the community.
- Beliefs and Attitudes
- businesses, factories and other sources of employment that characterize the community
- nature of business (owned by local residents or government)
- Local economy and businesses
- public assistance benefits available to residents
- median income level of residents
- income levels and corresponding percentage of population.
- Income distribution
- housing conditions
- population density
- types of housing
- ownership and status of houses (rental, real estate, etc)
- Housing
- education system
- extent of community support
- existence of public and private schools
- adherence to intended curriculum of the Department of Education
- attention to special population (e.g., children with special needs) and to cultural
differences. - extent to which education brings out the best in the children (participation in competitions,
profile of graduates, training students holistically) - adequate preparation for adults to enter the labor force
- Educational facilities and programs
- adequate numbers of health professionals and specialists
- social service programs
- respect of service providers to the needs and values of minority populations
- availability of fire and police protection
- safety of the environment
- the residents’ view on public safety and justice system.
- Health and Welfare Systems
- presence of TV and radio stations and newspapers which provide the people information
and perspectives on current events - community organizations’ capacity to update residents on important information
- the capacity of the sources of information to enhance the residents’ skills to promote
positive change - the presence of community leaders who speak for various marginalized subgroups.
- Sources of information and public opinion
- overall assessment of community’s functioning
- dealing with social problems (youth gangs, poverty, abuse)
- gaps in social, health care, and other community and educational services
- Summary Assessment of Community Issues
is an important figure in the community.
leader
Leaders must possess important characteristics such as: 4
Effective communication
Development of Social Capital Building
Community Engagement-
Collaboration
-an open communication is highly recommended for leaders and their constituents.
There should be free access to important information concerning social issues and
public matters.
Effective communication
- developing a resilient capital is among the most important contributors to successful
community leadership.
Development of Social Capital Building
- it is important to encourage young leaders to participate so that they are ready to
take over when the time comes.
Community Engagement
- leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among community
leaders within the diverse fields.
Collaboration
is the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek ways to employ available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.
Community Power
How to build
Community
Power
-Civic Involvement in identifying important issues
-Citizen’s voice in public prioritization and decision-making
-Developing structures or systems for shared power and decision-making
-Shared leadership/ leadership development planning
A classification according
to general type. In this
module, this refers to the
types of community.
TYPOLOGY
Institutionally structured
hierarchies, which define the
a relationship between
authoritative and subordinate groups.
Formal
Seen to typically operate
through socio-cultural
mechanisms within the
community structures.
Informal
Pastoral, agricultural, and
located along the periphery
of urban centers or in the
countryside.
Rural
A group of people sharing the
same environment and
conditions such as intent,
belief, resources, preferences,
needs and risks.
local
Integration and interaction
between individuals and
groups away from each other
in time or space or both.
global
Industrialized and commercial
centers where population
density is relatively high
compared to rural communities.
Urban
characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the
relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
Formal Community-
characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and
groups away from each other in time or space or both.
Global Community-
seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms within
the community structures.
Informal Community-
characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, it is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and conditions
such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
Local Community-
characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the periphery
of urban centers or in the countryside.
Rural Community-
a classification according to general type. In this module, this refers to the types
of community.
Typology-
described as industrialized and commercial centers where population
density is relatively high compared to rural communities.
Urban Community-
The group is created as per official
authority, fulfill certain goals or
objectives
Formal
There is a personal relationship
among members
Informal
The group possesses a systematic
hierarchical structure
FORMAL
The flow of communication stretches
in all direction
Informal
The position of the member defines
his/her importance in the group
formal
There is professional relationship
among members
formal
The group is formed according to the
likes, interests, and attitudes of the
members
informal
Flow of communication is restricted
due to the chain of command
formal
The group has a loose structure, and the
members join to satisfy their social
needs
informal
Every member is important as any other
member
informal
Business Firm - people have
assigned positions based their
functions.
formal
people have
assigned positions based their
functions.
Business Firm
A physical or virtual space which members
of the community visit or where they stay.
social space
These are spaces generally open and accessible to people
Owned by the Government
owned and regulated such as shopping malls
Private social spaces
These social spaces may be used by community residents for their gathering or simple receration activity
Private social spaces
groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics
Community sectors
COMMUNITY SECTORS 16
Health
Education
Law Enforcement
Government
Business
Youth
The Media
Human Services
Religion
Service/Fraternal Organization
Community Activist Volunteer Groups
Culture
Housing Development
Sports and Recreation
The Environment
Agriculture
Medical and mental health professionals;
pharmacists and pharmacies; hospitals
and other in-patient facilities, clinics,
non-traditional health practitioners;
public health agencies and systems
Health
Public and private preschools, K-12 schools,
colleges and universities, school committees,
school administrators, teachers, other
educational institution employees; parents,
students, state board of education; adult
basic education (ABE) and English as Second
or Other Language (ESOL) programs
Education
The local and state police, the court
system- judges, probation officers,
prosecutors, court appointed defense
lawyers, court-mandated program
for offenders.
Law enforcement
Regional, provincial, state, local, and
tribal government bureaucracies,
agencies, and officials, both elected
and appointed.
Government
From the self-employed carpenter
to the multinational corporation
with a local facility.
Business
Youth themselves (generally viewed as ages
18 and younger) and those who work
directly with them (youth violence
prevention and outreach programs, Big
Brother/Big Sister, Boys’
and Girls’ Clubs,
scouting, etc.) parents, human service,
culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
Youth
Newspapers and magazines, radio,
and TV, vast array of blogs, videos,
online news, and other materials
available on the internet.
The Media
Non-profit professional and volunteer
organizations that provide free and
affordable services such as job training,
food, shelter, elder services, services for
individuals with physical or mental
disabilities, support and advocacy for
immigrants, among others.
Human services
Places of worship and their members,
religious organizations (e.g. Knights of
Columbus, CBCP) of all faiths, may
include the hierarchy of a national
church as well (a Roman Catholic
archbishop, for instance)
Religion
The Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and
other local and national or international
service organizations, college
fraternities/sororities or other local and
national social clubs, as well veterans’
organizations and the like
SERVICE/FRATERNAL
ORGANIZATION
Individuals for or against political issue,
supportive of existing institutions,
oriented toward economics, or more
generally concerned with the quality of
community life (e.g. organizers of
community festivals)
Community Activist
Volunteer Groups
Artists such as musicians, dancers and
choreographers, writer, actors and directors,
designers and visual artists, as well as arts
organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support
staff in the arts- stagehands, cameramen,
electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular
consumers and supporters of the arts.
Culture
Both public and private non-profit housing
agencies and organizations that provide rent
subsidies or affordable housing. As well as
developers who build market-rate and upscale
residential and commercial properties may
include everyone from fair housing advocates to
those who own or manage urban real estate
worth millions of pesos
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
Sports clubs, town or county recreation
departments, amateur and professional
athletic associations, public and private sports
and recreation facilities, gyms, coaches,
personal trainers, recreation leaders, and
camp directors, as well those who participate
in these groups as athletes, spectators, or
supporters.
SPORTS AND RECREATION
Individual environmentalists, international,
national, and local environmental
organizations, conservation land trusts,
recreational hunters and fishermen, and other
outdoor people, hydrologists, those who make
a living from a pristine or carefully-managed
environment.
Environment
Confined to rural areas, may also
include dairy farmers, cheesemakers,
winemakers and vineyards, and food
processors and packers, including all
consumers of the food produced.
AGRICULTURE
is defined as a group of people sharing the
same environment and conditions, intent, belief, resources, preferences, and needs and risks. These factors may affect the identities of the individuals as well as the community
’s degree of cohesiveness.
Local community
may consist of business operators, public
agency staff, residents with interactions that may include
sharing of resources, information, and assistance
local community
may also be present between local
businesses and consumers.
Commercial relationships
A system characterized by integration and interaction
between individuals and groups away from each other in time
or space or both.
Global Community
Establishments, programs, and other events that started in
the local setup may eventually grow to have a global
presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
Global community
is the process of
making a relationship and immersing in your
community, through maintaining relationships
with the groups of people around your
community with the same purpose and interest to
further improve upon your community.
Community Engagement
The reason why people in the same
community work together is
because of _________. __________ is an
agreement among individuals in the
community to do a certain task and
feel a certain way about their
community.
Solidarity
It is a Civil, political, and social
right provided by the government
and legal status. A Person who
has citizenship within a country
has the right to do whatever he
wants if it’s within agreement with
the law.
Citizenship
The way in which each of two or more things is related to the other or others.
Interrelationship
- Problems that concerns a large amount of people
- We are the ones directly experiencing the problem affecting the community.
Community Problem
It is the act of contributing free labor to conduct community service or support a nonprofit organization.
Volunteerism
union or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests as between groups.
Solidarity
Learning and social development work with individuals and groups in their communities using a range of formal and informal methods of education.
Community Education
Aims at making desired improvements to a community’s social health, well-being and over-all functioning.
Community Organization
Integrate and interpret scientific and contextual data for the purpose of informing policy development among other objectives.
Deliberative Dialogue
Directly affects the persons, animals or places we want to impact.
Direct Service
Process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region or local community has improved according to targeted goals and objectives.
Economic Development
Wide range of rigorous research approaches and methodologies that shared a common interest in collaborative engagement with the community and aim to improve, understand or investigate an issue of public interest or concern, including societal challenges.
Engaged Research
Introduce certain adjustments to the institution, changing or modifying its rules, increasing its consistency and efficiency.
Institutional Engagement
