Clinical- Psychotic Disorders I Flashcards
What are Persistently held beliefs held despite evidence or agreement to the contrary?
delusions
What type of delusion?
I’m God, Jesus, I have cured cancer
grandiose delusions
What type of delusion:
Special meaning to things in the environment (neutral event or thing)
ideas of reference
What type of delusion?
Belief that one’s body fxns are abnormal
pseudocyesis= think you are pregnant when you are not
somatic delusion
What type of delusion?
Other people can hear my thoughts
though broadcasting
What are the 3 key features of schizophrenia?
delusions
hallucinations
thought disorganization
What is perception of a nonexistent object or event?
hallucination
What is the most common type of hallucination in Schizophrenia?
auditory hallucination
Visual hallucinations occur with schizophrenia but most often with .
toxidrome
toxicity usually from drugs
Tactile hallucinations can occur with Schizophrenia and is also common in which 2 condtions?
alcohol withdrawal and stimulant-induced psychosis.
Olfactory hallucinations can occur from aura of temporal lobe or brain
epilepsy; tumor
Gustatory hallucinations – rare but can occur with or CNS lesion
epilepsy
–Vivid dreamlike hallucinations occur at transition from wakefulness to sleep – normal variant – up to 30% of people, also common in Narcolepsy
Hypnagogic / hypnopompic
Which key feature of Schizophrenia is hard to fake?
thought disorganization
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
excess details around stuff
circumstantiality
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
go off on tangents
doesn’t reach the essential point
tangentiality
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
nonsensical transitions between thoughts
loose associations / derailment
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
made up words that make sense to the person speaking
neoligisms
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
pt. blanks out for a minute
thought blocking
What type of thought disorganization is being described:
rhyming words in discussion, grouping of words (usually rhyming)
clang associations
What are the primary psychotic disorders (6)?
- Schizophrenia (most prevalent)
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
What is the most prevalent primary psychotic disorder?
Schizophrenia
What is a combo of schizophrenia and a mood disorder (depression or bipolar)?
schizoafffective disorder
Schizophrenia that lasts more than a month and less than 6 months?
schizophreniform
What is schizophrenia that lasts less than a month?
brief psychotic disorder
• Mood Disorders with Psychotic Features • Substance-induced Psychotic Disorders • Dementia-related psychoses • Other Neurological D/O (e.g. stroke, TBI, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor) • Psychotic Disorder due to other medical conditions (e.g. thyrotoxicosis or other endocrine, systemic lupus erythematosus or other autoimmune) • Trauma-related Disorders • Some Personality Disorders (Borderline, Cluster A)
are considered what type of psychotic disorder?
secondary psychotic disorders
Substance-induced Psychotic Disorders is most commonly caused by which type of drug?
stimulants
in criterion A of Schizophrenia in the DSM, what must be included in order to be diagnosed with the disease?
A. Two (or more) of the following five (At least one from 1-3)
- Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized Speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (i.e. diminished emotional expression or avolition)
What are the 5 criteria in DSM-5 Criterion A for schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized Speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (i.e. diminished emotional expression or avolition)
List some other criteria that are considered for a diagnosis for schizophrenia other than
- Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized Speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms (i.e. diminished emotional expression or avolition)
What type of behavior is marked decrease in reactivity to environment
catatonic behavior
– opposition or no response to instructions or internal stimuli
negativism
No, or very little, verbal response
mutism
– No psychomotor activity; not relating to environment, near unconciousness
stupor
– Maintaining a rigid, inappropriate, or bizarre posture
posturing
– repeated non-goal directed movements
stereotypy
– mimicking another’s speech
echolalia
– mimicking another’s movements
echopraxia
Catatonic excitement = excessive, motor activity
purposeless
What is a decreased level of facial expression and decreased spontaneous movements?
affective flattening
As concerning schizophrenia:
impaired grooming and physical anergia
avolition
As concerning negative symptoms of schizophrenia:
poverty of speech and content
alogia
As concerning negative symptoms of schizophrenia:
Few interests: 95% • Few relationships: 96% • Impaired intimacy: 84%
anhendonia and social withdrawal
Positive/negative symptoms: characterized by the presence or exaggeration of behaviors
positive
Positive/negative symptoms: characterized by the absence or insufficiency of normal behaviors
negative
Alogia = poverty of
avolition = loss of
anhedonia= lack of
speech
motivation
pleasure
Describe the • Two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia:
both due to genetics and enviromment
Environment:
- Obstetric Complications or in utero insults
- Child abuse / Head injury
- Cannabis or Methamphetamine Use
are all considered possible causes of along with genetics
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is ranked among top illnesses contributing to global burden of disease
ten
What is the typical age of onset for both men and women for schizophrenia?
18-25 for men, 25-30 for women
Those diagnosed with schizophrenia do/do not have higher rates of substance abuse and co-morbid medical conditions
do
Good/Poor prognosis?
good prognosis
Good/poor prognosis?
poor prognosis
