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ICOM - Mental Health > Belovich- INTRO to Mental Health > Flashcards

Belovich- INTRO to Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviors result from genetic, , and environmental influences integrated with psychosocial experiences

A

epigenetic

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2
Q

Mind (soul) - mediated higher mental functions (conscious experiences) and interacted with brain via the gland

A

pineal

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3
Q

Psychiatric symptoms may have or origins:

A

organic; functional

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4
Q

“Organic Disorders” are associated with a reason for the behavior

A

physiological

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5
Q

Physiological reasons for organic disordorders:

  • Lesion/tumor
  • Abnormal of brain region
  • Neurotransmitters disrupted by disease state or drugs
  • abnormalities (e.g., thyroid hormones)
  • Sometimes associated with a genetic abnormality
A

size; Endocrine

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6
Q

What psychiatric disorders involve functional impairment, yet no physiological abnormality is observed

A

“Disorders of Function”

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7
Q

The “False Distinction” of Organic vs. Functional Disorders includes that Efficacy of pharmacological treatments implies underlying component

A

organic

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8
Q

Some psychiatric disorders fall into both categories of functional and organic:

A

Dementia/Alzheimer

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9
Q

Assumption: associated circuitry or mechanism not yet discovered can fall under the ““ Distinction” of Organic vs. Functional psychiatric Disorders

A

False

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10
Q

Mood changes (e.g., depression with dominant lesions, mood elevation with nondominant lesions) Difficulties with motivation, concentration, attention, orientation, and problem solving (dorsolateral convexity lesions) Difficulties with judgment, inhibitions, emotions, personality changes (orbitofrontal lesions) Inability to speak fluently (i.e., Broca aphasia [dominant lesions]) are associated with which lobe?

A

frontal lobe

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11
Q

Mood changes (e.g., depression with lesions, mood elevation with lesions)

A

dominant; nondominant

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12
Q

Difficulties with motivation, concentration, attention, orientation, and problem solving ( convexity lesions) of frontal lobe

A

dorsolateral

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13
Q

Difficulties with judgment, inhibitions, emotions, personality changes (l lesions) of frontal lobe

A

orbitofronta

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14
Q

Inability to speak fluently (i.e., Broca [dominant lesions]) of frontal lobe

A

aphasia;

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15
Q

Which lobe associated with Impaired memory Psychomotor seizures Changes in aggressive behavior Inability to understand language (i.e., Wernicke’s aphasia [dominant lesions])?

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

Inability to understand language (i.e., aphasia [dominant lesions]) of frontal lobe

A

Wernicke’s

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17
Q

Lobe lession associated with Poor new learning; implicated specifically in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Limbic lobes

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18
Q

syndrome (decreased aggression, increased sexual behavior, hyperorality)

A

Klüver-Bucy

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19
Q

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (decreased aggression, increased sexual behavior, hyperorality) associated with brain lesion where?

A

hippocampus

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20
Q

Decreased conditioned fear response Problems recognizing the meaningfulness of facial and vocal expressions of anger in others associated with which brain lesion where?

A

Amygdala

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21
Q

Impaired processing of visual–spatial information (e.g., cannot copy a simple line drawing or neglects the numbers on the left side when drawing a clock face [right-sided lesions]) Impaired processing of verbal information (e.g., cannot tell left from right, do simple math, name fingers, or write [Gerstmann’s syndrome, dominant lesions]) associated with brain lesion where?

A

parietal lobes

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22
Q

Impaired processing of verbal information (e.g., cannot tell left from right, do simple math, name fingers, or write [syndrome, dominant lesions]) lesion associated with parietal lobes

A

Gerstmann’s

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23
Q

Which lobe associated with Visual hallucinations and illusions Inability to identify camouflaged objects Blindness?

A

occipital lobes

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24
Q

A brain lesion where is associated with Hunger leading to obesity (ventromedial nucleus damage), loss of appetite leading to weight loss (lateral nucleus damage)

Effects on sexual activity and body temperature regulation?

A

hypothalamus

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25
Q

Hunger leading to obesity ( nucleus damage) in hypothalamus

A

ventromedial

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26
Q

loss of appetite leading to weight loss ( nucleus damage) in the hypothalamus

A

lateral

27
Q

A lesion in which part of brain is associated with Changes in sleep–wake mechanisms (e.g., decreased REM sleep)

Loss of consciousness?

A

Reticular system

28
Q

Which part of brain lesion where is associated with Disorders of movement (e.g., Parkinson’s disease [substantia nigra],

Huntington’s disease [caudate and putamen],

and Tourette’s syndrome [caudate])?

A

Basal ganglia

29
Q

Disorders of movement (e.g., Parkinson’s disease [substantia ] in basal ganglia

A

nigra]

30
Q

Huntington’s disease [and putamen] in basal ganglia

A

caudate

31
Q

Huntington’s disease [caudate and] in basal ganglia

A

putamen

32
Q

Tourette’s syndrome located in the of the basal ganglia

A

caudate

33
Q

Cognitive functions are best understood as a series of events across complex pathways and of neuronal communication across neuronal networks

A

signaling; Patterns

34
Q

Cortical Networks are both and plastic:

A

robust

35
Q

Networks are both robust and plastic:

  • Being is the “effect threshold” for genetic mutations and environmental factors
  • Being means neuronal connections undergo changes in strength and intensity based on use:
  • “Neurons that fire together wire together”
A

Robust:; Plastic

36
Q

Today’s Psychiatry is concerned primarily with the brain’s functions

A

association

37
Q

How does the brain make sense of and integrate external and internal information?

A

primary areas of the cortex: motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.

38
Q

primary areas of the cortex: motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, etc. receive information via?

A

sensory thalamic nuclei

39
Q

Sensory input represents the world

A

external

40
Q

information is received with little interpretation of the meaning of that information

A

Sensory

41
Q

Which areas (units) of the brain work with primary areas to interpret sensory information?

A

Association

42
Q

Association areas use with internal drivers, memories, and emotional stimuli

A

Integration

43
Q

What are the internal drivers associated with integration of the association areas of the brain interpreting sensory information?

A

cognition, memory, emotion, learning

44
Q

Which brain system is integral to the functions of internal drivers: cognition, memory, emotion, and learning?

A

Limbic system

45
Q

Integration and interpretation drives planning and initiation of motor activity ( output)

A

behavioral

46
Q

Understanding how information from sensory and motor systems is processed helps distinguish logical thought from distortions

A

psychopathological

47
Q

Mental health diagnosis is based primarily on the clinician’s impression of the patient’s of his/ her thoughts and feelings

A

interpretation

48
Q

Psychiatric diagnosis is largely independent/dependent of physical signs and symptoms

• Lab results and radiological tests usually used only to rule out causes

A

independent; organic

49
Q

What part of the brain assigns emotional value to stimulus?

A

limbic system

50
Q

of neurotransmitters present in serum or CSF can indicate altered level of activity

A

Metabolites

51
Q

What is the metabolite for dopamine present in serum and cerebrospinal fluid?

A

HVA, homovanillic acid

52
Q

What are the metabolites for norepinephrine present in serum and cerebrospinal fluid?

A

VMA (vanillymandelic acid

MHPG (3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol)

53
Q

What is the metabolite for seratonin present in serum and cerebrospinal fluid?

A
54
Q

Neurotransmitter levels can/cannot be collected from specific brain regions and are/ are not reliable for making diagnoses

A

cannot; are not

55
Q

CSF and serum lab values measure neurotransmitter levels locally/globally

  • Neurotransmitters exert their effects locally/globally
  • Neurotransmitter levels are/are not considered diagnostic criteria
A

globally; locally; are not

56
Q

Psychiatry diagnoses are typically made by exclusion/inclusion

A

exclusion

57
Q

Time of onset and of symptoms can often provide a valuable clue

A

duration

58
Q

What is an internal phenotype associated with a set of objective characteristics not visible to unaided eye?

A

endophenotype

59
Q

Objectively/subjectively observed behaviors indicate internal phenotypes?

A

objectively

60
Q

1) Objectively measured cognitive impairment is considered an

• May appear in multiple patients with different diagnosed syndromes

A

endophenotype

61
Q

Effective management of psychiatric disorders often requires a approach

• Blending of pharmacological (bio), psychotherapeutic (psycho) and social (social) treatment modalities

A

biopsychosocial

62
Q

Treatments for severe and/or mental health conditions (psychotic depression, mania, catatonia, etc.) can include:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • Vagal stimulation and deep brain stimulation
  • Surgical intervention
A

refractory

63
Q
A

ICOM - Mental Health (24 decks)

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